Razonamiento moral de docentes de religión de una Institución Educativa Cristiana acerca de conflictos vinculados con sus creencias religiosas
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los niveles de razonamiento moral de los
docentes del nivel secundario del curso de Educación Religiosa de una institución educativa
cristiana evangélica de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo y se empleó el análisis
de contenido deductivo, tomando como marco teórico general el desarrollo moral de Lawrence
Kohlberg para identificar la estructura del razonamiento moral de los participantes. Para la
recolección de datos, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a cuatro docentes que incluía tres
situaciones de conflicto socio-moral vinculadas a su experiencia religiosa. Los resultados muestran
que los participantes se ubican mayoritariamente en el nivel convencional de razonamiento moral,
de acuerdo con la teoría de Kohlberg. Sus respuestas se fundamentan en la autoridad, las normas
religiosas, las enseñanzas bíblicas y las convenciones sociales. No se observa cuestionamiento a
las normas establecidas ni a las estructuras de poder, manifestándose conformidad con prácticas
como el uso obligatorio de determinada vestimenta para asistir a la iglesia, el matrimonio entre
creyentes, los roles de género tradicionales y el uso de títulos para dirigirse a otros. Finalmente, la
sumisión acrítica a las enseñanzas religiosas revela un razonamiento moral que no alcanza el nivel
postconvencional, al no evidenciar una reflexión crítica de los principios religiosos desde
principios universales como la justicia, equidad o autonomía individual. A partir de estos
resultados se ofrecen algunas recomendaciones para promover el desarrollo moral de los
profesores y para mejorar la enseñanza del curso de Religión en los colegios.
The present study aimed to identify the levels of moral reasoning among secondary school teachers of the Religious Education course at an evangelical Christian educational institution in Metropolitan Lima. A qualitative approach was used, employing deductive content analysis based on Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development as the general theoretical framework to identify the structure of the participants’ moral reasoning. Data were collected through a semistructured interview administered to four teachers, which included three socio-moral conflict situations related to their religious experience. The results show that the participants are mainly positioned at the conventional level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg’s theory. Their responses are grounded in authority, religious norms, biblical teachings, and social conventions. No questioning of established norms or power structures is observed; instead, conformity is expressed through practices such as the mandatory use of specific attire to attend church, marriage between believers, traditional gender roles, and the use of titles when addressing others. Finally, the uncritical submission to religious teachings reveals a moral reasoning that does not reach the postconventional level, as it lacks critical reflection on religious principles from universal values such as justice, equity, or individual autonomy. Based on these findings, recommendations are offered to promote teachers’ moral development and to improve the teaching of the Religion course in schools.
The present study aimed to identify the levels of moral reasoning among secondary school teachers of the Religious Education course at an evangelical Christian educational institution in Metropolitan Lima. A qualitative approach was used, employing deductive content analysis based on Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development as the general theoretical framework to identify the structure of the participants’ moral reasoning. Data were collected through a semistructured interview administered to four teachers, which included three socio-moral conflict situations related to their religious experience. The results show that the participants are mainly positioned at the conventional level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg’s theory. Their responses are grounded in authority, religious norms, biblical teachings, and social conventions. No questioning of established norms or power structures is observed; instead, conformity is expressed through practices such as the mandatory use of specific attire to attend church, marriage between believers, traditional gender roles, and the use of titles when addressing others. Finally, the uncritical submission to religious teachings reveals a moral reasoning that does not reach the postconventional level, as it lacks critical reflection on religious principles from universal values such as justice, equity, or individual autonomy. Based on these findings, recommendations are offered to promote teachers’ moral development and to improve the teaching of the Religion course in schools.
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Educación religiosa, Moral cristiana, Personal docentes--Actitudes
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