Factores conductuales y cognitivos asociados al riesgo de contraer VIH en un grupo de HSH
Date
2018-01-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación buscó describir los factores conductuales (conductas sexuales de
riesgo) y factores cognitivos (conocimientos, actitudes negativas y positivas,
susceptibilidad y autoeficacia percibida) asociados al contagio del VIH en un grupo de 56
hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres (HSH). Ellos asisten a una ONG en Lima, con
edades entre 20 y 54 años (DE= 29.95). Para el objetivo, se usó parte del Cuestionario
Confidencial de Vida Sexual Activa (CCVSA) desarrollado por el Ministerio de Salud de
Colombia con la colaboración de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) (1997)
y el VIH-65 (Bermúdez, Buela-Casal y Uribe, 2005). Se encontró que el 89% de los
participantes reportan conductas de riesgo para la práctica de sexo oral, otro 61% con el
sexo anal, 50% con el sexo vaginal y el 46% presentó una ITS en el último año. Los altos
índices de incidencia en este tipo de conductas, anales y orales, son alarmantes ya que
estos ponen en riesgo la salud con respecto al VIH. Por otro lado, se encontró niveles
adecuados de conocimientos correctos, autoeficacia y actitudes frente a aspectos
relacionados al VIH y a personas con dicha condición. Sin embargo, las escalas de
susceptibilidad percibida; autoeficacia y actitudes negativas, mostraron índices de
consistencia interna muy bajos por lo que no se pudieron incorporar al análisis de
correlación luego de realizadas las pruebas de confiabilidad. No se hallaron correlaciones
entre las conductas de riesgo y el nivel de conocimientos, ideas erróneas o las actitudes
positivas en la muestra. Se discute la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones y de
desarrollar y/o adaptar instrumentos más específicos a las poblaciones con las que se
pretende trabajar.
This research sought to describe behavioral (risky sexual behavior) and cognitive factors (knowledge, positive and negative attitudes, susceptibility and perceived self-efficacy) associated to the infection of HIV in a group of 56 men that have sex with other men (MSM). They attend an NGO in Lima, and their ages range between 20 and 54 years (M= 29.95). The Confidential Active Sexual Life Questionnaire (CCVSA) developed by the Colombian Ministry of Health with the collaboration of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (1997) and HIV-65 (Bermudez, Buela-Casal and Uribe, 2005) were used to reach this objective. It was found that 89% showed risk behaviors in oral sex, another 61% had risk in anal sex, 50% in vaginal sex and 46% identified an STD in the last year. These high incidence rates in this type of behavior are alarming and put these people's health at risk with respect to HIV/AIDS. On the other hand, accurate levels of knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes were found. The need for more research is discussed, as well the development and/or adaptation of more accurate instruments.
This research sought to describe behavioral (risky sexual behavior) and cognitive factors (knowledge, positive and negative attitudes, susceptibility and perceived self-efficacy) associated to the infection of HIV in a group of 56 men that have sex with other men (MSM). They attend an NGO in Lima, and their ages range between 20 and 54 years (M= 29.95). The Confidential Active Sexual Life Questionnaire (CCVSA) developed by the Colombian Ministry of Health with the collaboration of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (1997) and HIV-65 (Bermudez, Buela-Casal and Uribe, 2005) were used to reach this objective. It was found that 89% showed risk behaviors in oral sex, another 61% had risk in anal sex, 50% in vaginal sex and 46% identified an STD in the last year. These high incidence rates in this type of behavior are alarming and put these people's health at risk with respect to HIV/AIDS. On the other hand, accurate levels of knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes were found. The need for more research is discussed, as well the development and/or adaptation of more accurate instruments.
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Keywords
Hombres--Conducta sexual, SIDA (Enfermedad), Sexo (Psicología)
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