Percepciones estudiantiles en educación secundaria sobre el trabajo de campo para desarrollar habilidades investigativas en el aprendizaje de la geografía
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El aprendizaje de la geografía suele quedar reducido a una práctica mecánica y
descontextualizada, derivada de un modelo tradicional que se aplica comúnmente a la
memorización de conceptos y localizaciones. Por ello, el trabajo de campo se configura
como una estrategia didáctica que articula teoría y práctica al transformar el espacio
geográfico en un laboratorio vivo donde el estudiante desarrolla el pensamiento crítico y
situado. Esta tesis es un trabajo de investigación cualitativa descriptiva que busca
analizar las percepciones estudiantiles sobre aplicar el trabajo de campo con el propósito
de desarrollar habilidades investigativas en el aprendizaje de la geografía. Los
participantes fueron estudiantes de cuarto de secundaria, quienes realizaron una salida
de campo a los Pantanos de Villa y la Costa Verde en la región de Lima. Se recogió la
entrevista semiestructurada y la observación participante mediante una guía de
entrevista y un diario de campo. El análisis se realizó a través de una codificación y
categorización temática enfocándose en las habilidades investigativas de observación,
análisis y síntesis. Los resultados reflejan una percepción positiva, sustentada en la
capacidad de trabajo de campo para situar el aprendizaje. Los estudiantes manifiestan
que el trabajo de campo transforma su rol pasivo en un ser activo investigador, que
permite identificar problemas con múltiples causas, como el conflicto entre urbanización
y conservación. Esta dinámica motivadora se tradujo en una práctica de ciudadanía
crítica, validada por la aparición de propuestas de intervención junto con un compromiso
cívico, para contribuir a la disminución de los impactos ambientales.
Geography learning is often reduced to a mechanical and decontextualized practice, derived from a traditional model commonly applied to the memorization of concepts and locations. Therefore, fieldwork is configured as a didactic strategy that articulates theory and practice by transforming geographic space into a living laboratory where students develop critical and situated thinking. This thesis is a descriptive qualitative research study that seeks to analyze students’ perceptions of applying fieldwork with the purpose of developing research skills in geography learning. The participants were fourth-year secondary school students who carried out a field trip to the Pantanos de Villa and the Costa Verde in the Lima region. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation using an interview guide and a field diary. The analysis was conducted through thematic coding and categorization, focusing on the research skills of observation, analysis, and synthesis. The results reflect a positive perception, supported by the capacity of fieldwork to situate learning. Students report that fieldwork transforms their passive role into that of active researchers, enabling them to identify problems with multiple causes, such as the conflict between urbanization and conservation. This motivating dynamic translated into a practice of critical citizenship, validated by the emergence of intervention proposals along with civic commitment to contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts.
Geography learning is often reduced to a mechanical and decontextualized practice, derived from a traditional model commonly applied to the memorization of concepts and locations. Therefore, fieldwork is configured as a didactic strategy that articulates theory and practice by transforming geographic space into a living laboratory where students develop critical and situated thinking. This thesis is a descriptive qualitative research study that seeks to analyze students’ perceptions of applying fieldwork with the purpose of developing research skills in geography learning. The participants were fourth-year secondary school students who carried out a field trip to the Pantanos de Villa and the Costa Verde in the Lima region. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation using an interview guide and a field diary. The analysis was conducted through thematic coding and categorization, focusing on the research skills of observation, analysis, and synthesis. The results reflect a positive perception, supported by the capacity of fieldwork to situate learning. Students report that fieldwork transforms their passive role into that of active researchers, enabling them to identify problems with multiple causes, such as the conflict between urbanization and conservation. This motivating dynamic translated into a practice of critical citizenship, validated by the emergence of intervention proposals along with civic commitment to contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts.
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Estudiantes (Educación secundaria)--Actitudes, Geografía--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria), Ciencias sociales--Trabajo de campo
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