Adecuación y efectividad de los mecanismos de Consulta Ciudadana en el proyecto de Conversión a Gas Natural y Transformación a Ciclo Combinado de la Central Termoeléctrica Ventanilla S.A. por Cambio de Punto de Vertimiento del Río Chillón al Mar en Ventanilla - Callao 2017 - 2018
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Date
2019-06-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La participación ciudadana en proyectos de inversión ha venido en ascenso en
los últimos años. Desde 2016 el SENACE ha centralizado la revisión y
aprobación de los instrumentos de gestión que hacen posible la ejecución de
estos proyectos. Este organismo recibió 476 expedientes en el año 2017 para
evaluación, de los cuales 60 correspondieron al Sector Electricidad. Del total de
expedientes recibidos, SENACE evaluó 413, aprobó 268, desaprobó 29 y derivó
el resto a otros canales resolutivos. Asimismo, representantes del SENACE
dirigieron 231 eventos de participación ciudadana entre talleres y audiencias
públicas. Todo ello nos da una noción del gran esfuerzo que se está realizando
por sacar adelante proyectos de inversión, considerando los aspectos
ambientales y también la participación de la población involucrada.
En la presente tesis se investiga el proceso de participación ciudadana,
específicamente del asociado al proyecto Central Termoeléctrica de Ventanilla,
realizado entre los años 2017 y 2018. Ello incluyó la realización de mecanismos
obligatorios y complementarios de participación con población del área de
influencia del proyecto.
El objetivo es conocer los factores y procesos que influyeron en la ejecución del
Plan de participación ciudadana del proyecto Central Térmica Ventanilla, durante
los años 2017 – 2018.
La investigación responde a las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿Cómo
los mecanismos del Plan de participación ciudadana generan mayor interés en
los participantes?, ¿En qué medida los mecanismos del Plan de Participación
Ciudadana responden a las necesidades y expectativas de los participantes?, y
¿De qué manera los recursos humanos, técnicos y materiales contribuyen a
lograr los objetivos del Plan de Participación Ciudadana?
Para absolver estas preguntas, utilizamos una metodología mixta, que incluyó la
revisión de información secundaria disponible y el recojo de información primaria
de los grupos de interés como son 23 usuarios de derecho de las localidades del
área de influencia del proyecto y de un representante de la consultora encargada
del proceso participativo del proyecto.
Entre los principales hallazgos podemos mencionar los siguientes: i) los
mecanismos participativos generaron interés entre los principales grupos de
interés, como son las directivas de las localidades, principalmente porque fueron
involucrados en reuniones y consultas desde un principio del diseño del proceso
participativo. ii) De acuerdo a la percepción de un importante número de usuarios
de derecho, los mecanismos participativos tomaron en cuenta sus necesidades y
expectativas, recibiendo la información sobre las actividades del proyecto, sus
impactos y el plan de manejo para mitigarlos, así como la contratación de mano
de obra local. Muchos expresaron sus inquietudes y preguntas, pero algunos,
especialmente las mujeres, no lo hicieron por inseguridad principalmente. iii) El
recurso humano fue el factor que contribuyó de mejor manera al entendimiento
del proyecto. La amabilidad y buenas maneras de los representantes de
SENACE, ENEL y la consultora ambiental, quienes expusieron y atendieron las
preguntas, fue resaltada por los usuarios de derecho como el elemento más
importante del proceso.
Citizen participation in infrastructure investment projects has been on the rise in recent years. Since 2016, the review and approval of management instruments that make the execution of these projects possible has been conducted by SENACE. According to the 2017 Annual Report of SENACE, in that year this agency received 476 records for evaluation, 60 of them corresponded to the Electricity Sector. SENACE evaluated 413 projects, approving 268 of them, disapproving 29 and referring the remaining ones to other resolution channels. 18 Environmental Impact Assessment studies and Modifications of Environmental Impact Assessments Studies were approved during the period. SENACE representatives participated and directed 231 citizen participation events, workshops and public hearings. This thesis researches the process of citizen participation, focusing on the case of the Ventanilla Thermoelectric Plant project, carried out between 2017 and 2018. ENEL is the company in charge of the project. This process comprehended the implementation of mandatory and complementary participatory mechanisms with population of the area of influence. The goal of this research is to identify the issues and processes that influenced the implementation of the Citizen Participation Plan of the mentioned project, in the 2017 – 2018 period. Our main research questions are: How do the mechanisms of the Citizen Participation Plan generate interest in the right holders? To what extent do the mechanisms of the Citizen Participation Plan respond to the needs and expectations of the right holders? How do human, technical and material resources contribute to achieving the goals of the Citizen Participation Plan? In order to absolve these questions, we used a mixed methodology. We reviewed secondary available information and gathered primary information from key stakeholders as the social specialist from the consultancy company in charge of the participatory process and from 23 rights holders from the localities of the area of influence of the project. The main results of the research are the following: i) citizen participatory mechanisms generate interest in the key stakeholders, such as the localities representatives, because they have been involved in meetings and consultancy since the very beginning of design of the participatory process. ii) The perception of a great number of right holders was that the participatory mechanisms took in account their needs and expectations, and that they received information about the project activities, its impacts and the management plan to reduce them and to ensure that local labor will be hired. Most of them could ask any question, but some of them, especially women, referring a lack of self-confidence. iii) The most important resources that contributed to a better understanding of the project, were the human ones. The kindness and good manners of the representatives of SENACE, ENEL, and the environmental consultancy company, who made the exposition and answers the questions, were highlighted by the users of right as the most important factor to understand the project.
Citizen participation in infrastructure investment projects has been on the rise in recent years. Since 2016, the review and approval of management instruments that make the execution of these projects possible has been conducted by SENACE. According to the 2017 Annual Report of SENACE, in that year this agency received 476 records for evaluation, 60 of them corresponded to the Electricity Sector. SENACE evaluated 413 projects, approving 268 of them, disapproving 29 and referring the remaining ones to other resolution channels. 18 Environmental Impact Assessment studies and Modifications of Environmental Impact Assessments Studies were approved during the period. SENACE representatives participated and directed 231 citizen participation events, workshops and public hearings. This thesis researches the process of citizen participation, focusing on the case of the Ventanilla Thermoelectric Plant project, carried out between 2017 and 2018. ENEL is the company in charge of the project. This process comprehended the implementation of mandatory and complementary participatory mechanisms with population of the area of influence. The goal of this research is to identify the issues and processes that influenced the implementation of the Citizen Participation Plan of the mentioned project, in the 2017 – 2018 period. Our main research questions are: How do the mechanisms of the Citizen Participation Plan generate interest in the right holders? To what extent do the mechanisms of the Citizen Participation Plan respond to the needs and expectations of the right holders? How do human, technical and material resources contribute to achieving the goals of the Citizen Participation Plan? In order to absolve these questions, we used a mixed methodology. We reviewed secondary available information and gathered primary information from key stakeholders as the social specialist from the consultancy company in charge of the participatory process and from 23 rights holders from the localities of the area of influence of the project. The main results of the research are the following: i) citizen participatory mechanisms generate interest in the key stakeholders, such as the localities representatives, because they have been involved in meetings and consultancy since the very beginning of design of the participatory process. ii) The perception of a great number of right holders was that the participatory mechanisms took in account their needs and expectations, and that they received information about the project activities, its impacts and the management plan to reduce them and to ensure that local labor will be hired. Most of them could ask any question, but some of them, especially women, referring a lack of self-confidence. iii) The most important resources that contributed to a better understanding of the project, were the human ones. The kindness and good manners of the representatives of SENACE, ENEL, and the environmental consultancy company, who made the exposition and answers the questions, were highlighted by the users of right as the most important factor to understand the project.
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Keywords
Participación ciudadana--Perú, Gas natural--Política gubernamental, Energía eléctrica, Política energética--Perú, Callao (Provincia Constitucional)--Política gubernamental--Participación ciudadana
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