Relación de la gestión del capital del trabajo con el desempeño financiero de las empresas mineras del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano en el periodo 2012-2023
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
Antecedentes: La inversión en capital de trabajo, el cual está compuesto
por el efectivo, las cuentas por cobrar comerciales, las cuentas por pagar
comerciales y los inventarios, es una gestión importante que las empresas
de diferentes sectores, entre ellos el sector minero, deben analizar
cautelosamente, con la finalidad de que esta sea efectiva para el
desempeño financiero de las mismas.
Objetivo: Analizar de qué manera la gestión de capital de trabajo se
relaciona con el desempeño financiero de las empresas mineras del
Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano en el período 2012-2023.
Implicaciones prácticas: Analizar la relación entre la gestión de capital de
trabajo y el desempeño financiero de las empresas es de gran relevancia,
tanto para empresas de países desarrollados como para aquellos con
economías emergentes, así como para los diferentes grupos económicos
que estos conforman. La investigación está orientada a identificar la
relación entre las variables mencionadas para empresas mineras del MILA
en el período 2012-2023.
Métodos: Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental y
longitudinal. La población incluyó empresas mineras cotizadas en las
Bolsas de Valores de los países del MILA. La muestra la conforman
empresas mineras comercializadoras que fueron constituidas en cada uno
de los países integrantes de la Alianza. Se aplicó una prueba de correlación
de Pearson, para determinar si los indicadores de las variables tenían algún
tipo de correlación.
Resultados: Se determinó que la gestión de capital de trabajo bruto y neto
tiene una relación positiva significativa con el desempeño financiero
indicado por el ROA, ROE y Margen neto de las empresas mineras del
MILA para el período 2012-2023, aceptando la hipótesis general. A nivel
específico, solo la rotación de cuentas por pagar comerciales tiene una
relación positiva significativa con el desempeño financiero de las empresas
mineras del MILA en el período antes mencionado; por lo que solo esta
hipótesis específica es aceptada.
Conclusiones: No se encontró relación entre los indicadores de liquidez
general, rotación de inventarios y rotación de cuentas por cobrar con el
desempeño financiero medido por el ROA, ROE y margen neto. Sin
embargo, la rotación de cuentas por pagar, así como la gestión del capital
de trabajo bruto y neto, mostraron una relación directa y significativa con
dichos indicadores del desempeño financiero.
Background: Investment in working capital, which comprises cash, trade receivables, trade payables, and inventories, is an essential management aspect that companies across various sectors, including the mining sector, must carefully analyze to ensure it effectively contributes to their financial performance. Objective: To analyze how the management of working capital is related to the financial performance of mining companies in the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA, by its initials in Spanish,) during the 2012-2023 period. Practical implications: Analyzing the relationship between working capital management and financial performance is highly relevant for companies in both developed and emerging economies, as well as for the various economic groups these nations comprise. The research aims to identify the relationship between the aforementioned variables for mining companies in the MILA during the 2012-2023 period. Methods: A quantitative approach with a non-experimental and longitudinal design was used. The population included mining companies listed on the stock exchanges of the MILA countries. The sample consisted of mining trading companies established in each of the Alliance's member countries. A Pearson correlation test was applied to determine whether the variable indicators exhibited any type of correlation. Results: It was determined that the management of gross and net working capital has a significant positive relationship with the financial performance indicated by ROA, ROE, and Net Margin of MILA mining companies for the 2012-2023 period, thus accepting the general hypothesis. Specifically, only the turnover of trade payables has a significant positive relationship with the financial performance of MILA mining companies during the aforementioned period; therefore, only this specific hypothesis is accepted. Conclusions: No relationship was found between the general liquidity, inventory turnover, and trade receivables turnover indicators with financial performance as measured by ROA, ROE, and Net Margin. However, the turnover of trade payables, as well as the management of gross and net working capital, showed a direct and significant relationship with these financial performance indicators.
Background: Investment in working capital, which comprises cash, trade receivables, trade payables, and inventories, is an essential management aspect that companies across various sectors, including the mining sector, must carefully analyze to ensure it effectively contributes to their financial performance. Objective: To analyze how the management of working capital is related to the financial performance of mining companies in the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA, by its initials in Spanish,) during the 2012-2023 period. Practical implications: Analyzing the relationship between working capital management and financial performance is highly relevant for companies in both developed and emerging economies, as well as for the various economic groups these nations comprise. The research aims to identify the relationship between the aforementioned variables for mining companies in the MILA during the 2012-2023 period. Methods: A quantitative approach with a non-experimental and longitudinal design was used. The population included mining companies listed on the stock exchanges of the MILA countries. The sample consisted of mining trading companies established in each of the Alliance's member countries. A Pearson correlation test was applied to determine whether the variable indicators exhibited any type of correlation. Results: It was determined that the management of gross and net working capital has a significant positive relationship with the financial performance indicated by ROA, ROE, and Net Margin of MILA mining companies for the 2012-2023 period, thus accepting the general hypothesis. Specifically, only the turnover of trade payables has a significant positive relationship with the financial performance of MILA mining companies during the aforementioned period; therefore, only this specific hypothesis is accepted. Conclusions: No relationship was found between the general liquidity, inventory turnover, and trade receivables turnover indicators with financial performance as measured by ROA, ROE, and Net Margin. However, the turnover of trade payables, as well as the management of gross and net working capital, showed a direct and significant relationship with these financial performance indicators.