Burnout y salud en profesionales de enfermería de un hospital nacional de Huancayo
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2017-02-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio analiza la relación entre las dimensiones del burnout y los componentes y dimensiones de la salud en un grupo de 71 profesionales de enfermería de ambos sexos de un Hospital Nacional de Huancayo. Para ello, se empleó el Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Servises Survey (MBI-HSS) y el Cuestionario de salud SF-36. Los resultados mostraron que el agotamiento emocional y la despersonalización se relacionan inversamente con los 2 componentes de salud, observándose correlaciones grandes con el Componente Salud Mental y correlaciones medianas con el Componente Salud Física. En contraste, la realización personal solo presenta una relación positiva y mediana con el Componente Salud Mental. De manera específica, se encontró que el agotamiento emocional se asocia inversamente con todas las dimensiones de salud, que la despersonalización se relaciona inversamente con 7 dimensiones (rol físico, dolor corporal, salud general, vitalidad, función social, rol emocional y salud mental), y que la realización personal se asocia directamente con solo 5 dimensiones (salud general, vitalidad, función social, rol emocional y salud mental). Cabe señalar que las correlaciones más altas se observaron con las dimensiones que conforman el Componente Salud Mental. A partir de dichos resultados, se puede concluir que es probable que exista un impacto diferencial del burnout en la salud, viéndose especialmente afectada la salud mental y las áreas que la conforman. Asimismo, el agotamiento emocional y la despersonalización serían las dimensiones del burnout con mayor relación sobre la salud.
This study analyzes the relationship between burnout’s dimensions and health’s components and health’s dimensions in a group of 71 nursing professional of both sexes from a National Hospital of Huancayo. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Servises Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Health Questionnaire SF-36 were used. The results showed that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are inversely related to the 2 components of health, showing large-size correlations with Mental Health Component and medium-size correlations with Physical Health Component. In contrast, personal accomplishment only had a positive and medium relationship with the Mental Health Component. Specifically, it was found that emotional exhaustion is inversely associated with all health’s dimensions, that depersonalization is inversely related to 7 dimensions (physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role and mental health) and that personal accomplishment is directly associated with only 5 dimensions (general health, vitality, social function, emotional role and mental health). It should be noted that the highest correlations were observed with dimensions that constitute the Mental Health Component. From these results, it can be concluded that it’s probably that there is a differential burnout’s impact on health, being emotional health and the areas that constitute it particularly affected. Also, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization would be the dimensions of burnout that have more health relationship.
This study analyzes the relationship between burnout’s dimensions and health’s components and health’s dimensions in a group of 71 nursing professional of both sexes from a National Hospital of Huancayo. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Servises Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Health Questionnaire SF-36 were used. The results showed that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are inversely related to the 2 components of health, showing large-size correlations with Mental Health Component and medium-size correlations with Physical Health Component. In contrast, personal accomplishment only had a positive and medium relationship with the Mental Health Component. Specifically, it was found that emotional exhaustion is inversely associated with all health’s dimensions, that depersonalization is inversely related to 7 dimensions (physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role and mental health) and that personal accomplishment is directly associated with only 5 dimensions (general health, vitality, social function, emotional role and mental health). It should be noted that the highest correlations were observed with dimensions that constitute the Mental Health Component. From these results, it can be concluded that it’s probably that there is a differential burnout’s impact on health, being emotional health and the areas that constitute it particularly affected. Also, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization would be the dimensions of burnout that have more health relationship.
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Stress en el trabajo., Enfermería de salud pública--Perú--Junín--Huancayo., Salud ocupacional.
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