Evolución y desafíos de la subsanación voluntaria en la fiscalización ambiental: análisis comparado de las modificaciones normativas del OEFA
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La subsanación voluntaria ha evolucionado desde su incorporación en el
ordenamiento a través de la modificatoria de la Ley del Procedimiento
Administrativo General como un mecanismo orientado a incentivar la corrección
temprana de incumplimientos, a través de la atenuación de las sanciones
correspondientes hasta convertirse en una eximente de responsabilidad. En el
ámbito ambiental, se ha convertido en el centro de un amplio debate normativo
y doctrinario. Por ello, el presente artículo analiza comparativamente la
regulación de la subsanación voluntaria en los dos últimos Reglamentos de
Supervisión y Fiscalización del Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización
Ambiental (OEFA), con el fin de identificar continuidades, rupturas y ajustes en
la concepción normativa de esta institución dentro del derecho administrativo
sancionador ambiental. Su aplicación ha presentado tensiones importantes
derivadas de la naturaleza colectiva y difusa del ambiente como bien jurídico
protegido, de la necesidad de preservar la eficacia preventiva del ius puniendi
ambiental y de la falta de claridad de algunos criterios interpretativos. A partir de
estas premisas, el estudio compara el tratamiento normativo de la subsanación
en ambos reglamentos, examina los efectos jurídicos atribuidos los enfoque s
adoptados respecto del rol probatorio del administrado y de la autoridad
ambiental. Finalmente, se evalúa si las modificaciones introducidas fortalecen o
debilitan la tutela efectiva de los bienes jurídicos ambientales.
Voluntary rectification has evolved since its incorporation into the legal system through the amendment of the LPAG as a mechanism aimed at encouraging early correction of non-compliance, through the mitigation of the corresponding penalties, to the point of becoming an exemption from liability. In the environmental field, it has become the focus of a wide-ranging regulatory and doctrinal debate. Therefore, this article provides a comparative analysis of the regulation of voluntary rectification in the last two Supervision and Enforcement Regulations of the OEFA, in order to identify continuities, breaks, and adjustments in the regulatory conception of this institution within environmental administrative enforcement law. Its application has given rise to significant tensions arising from the collective and diffuse nature of the environment as a protected legal asset, the need to preserve the preventive effectiveness of environmental ius puniendi, and the lack of clarity of some interpretative criteria. Based on these premises, the study compares the regulatory treatment of rectification in both regulations, examines the legal effects attributed to the approaches adopted with respect to the evidentiary role of the administered party and the environmental authority. Finally, it assesses whether the amendments introduced strengthen or weaken the effective protection of environmental legal rights.
Voluntary rectification has evolved since its incorporation into the legal system through the amendment of the LPAG as a mechanism aimed at encouraging early correction of non-compliance, through the mitigation of the corresponding penalties, to the point of becoming an exemption from liability. In the environmental field, it has become the focus of a wide-ranging regulatory and doctrinal debate. Therefore, this article provides a comparative analysis of the regulation of voluntary rectification in the last two Supervision and Enforcement Regulations of the OEFA, in order to identify continuities, breaks, and adjustments in the regulatory conception of this institution within environmental administrative enforcement law. Its application has given rise to significant tensions arising from the collective and diffuse nature of the environment as a protected legal asset, the need to preserve the preventive effectiveness of environmental ius puniendi, and the lack of clarity of some interpretative criteria. Based on these premises, the study compares the regulatory treatment of rectification in both regulations, examines the legal effects attributed to the approaches adopted with respect to the evidentiary role of the administered party and the environmental authority. Finally, it assesses whether the amendments introduced strengthen or weaken the effective protection of environmental legal rights.
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Control ambiental--Perú, Derecho ambiental--Legislación--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Perú, Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (Perú)
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