Hacia una metodología de sanciones pecuniarias en la Ley N.º 32301: lineamientos para la aplicación de multas en la potestad sancionadora de la APCI
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente artículo analiza la necesidad de establecer una metodología técnico jurídica
para la aplicación de sanciones pecuniarias en el marco de la Ley N.º
32301, que modificó el régimen sancionador de la Agencia Peruana de
Cooperación Internacional (APCI). La investigación, elaborada al 31 de agosto
de 2025, surge ante la ausencia de un reglamento que desarrolle los criterios de
cuantificación y graduación de multas previstos en el Decreto Supremo N.º 033-
2025-RE, lo que genera vacíos normativos y riesgos de discrecionalidad
administrativa.
El estudio aborda, en primer lugar, los fundamentos teóricos y normativos del
derecho administrativo sancionador, así como los principios de legalidad,
tipicidad, proporcionalidad y razonabilidad que limitan el ejercicio de la potestad
sancionadora. En segundo término, examina las disposiciones específicas de la
Ley N.º 32301 relativas a las infracciones y sanciones, destacando la
particularidad de las entidades supervisadas por la APCI, organizaciones sin
fines de lucro que administran recursos de cooperación internacional no
reembolsable, lo que exige un enfoque diferenciado en la determinación de las
multas.
A partir de dicho marco, se propone una metodología de cálculo y graduación de
sanciones pecuniarias, basada en los criterios del artículo 248° del TUO de la
Ley N.º 27444, complementada con variables de ponderación económica y social
que aseguren decisiones proporcionales, objetivas y razonables. Asimismo, se
analizan los criterios jurídicos, administrativos y jurisprudenciales nacionales e
internacionales que sustentan el diseño metodológico propuesto.
Finalmente, el artículo concluye que la adopción de una metodología
transparente y coherente fortalecerá la capacidad de fiscalización de la APCI,
promoverá el cumplimiento normativo y contribuirá al buen gobierno, la eficiencia
administrativa y la transparencia en la gestión de la cooperación técnica
internacional en el Perú.
This article analyzes the need to establish a technical and legal methodology for the application of pecuniary sanctions under Law No. 32301, which reformed the sanctioning framework of the Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation (APCI). The research, conducted as of August 31, 2025, arises from the absence of specific regulations developing the criteria for the quantification and graduation of fines established in Supreme Decree No. 033-2025-RE, creating normative gaps and risks of administrative discretion. The study first examines the theoretical and normative foundations of administrative sanctioning law, focusing on the principles of legality, typicity, proportionality, and reasonableness that constrain the exercise of the State’s punitive power. It then analyzes the provisions of Law No. 32301 regarding infractions and sanctions, emphasizing the particular characteristics of the entities supervised by APCI —non-profit organizations that manage nonreimbursable international cooperation funds—, which require a differentiated approach in the determination of fines. Based on this framework, the article proposes a methodology for calculating and grading pecuniary sanctions, grounded in the criteria established in Article 248 of the Single Ordered Text of Law No. 27444, and complemented by economic and social weighting variables to ensure proportional, objective, and reasonable administrative decisions. Additionally, it examines national and international jurisprudential and administrative standards that support the proposed methodological design. Finally, the article concludes that adopting a transparent and coherent methodology will strengthen APCI’s supervisory capacity, promote regulatory compliance, and contribute to good governance, administrative efficiency, and transparency in the management of international technical cooperation in Peru.
This article analyzes the need to establish a technical and legal methodology for the application of pecuniary sanctions under Law No. 32301, which reformed the sanctioning framework of the Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation (APCI). The research, conducted as of August 31, 2025, arises from the absence of specific regulations developing the criteria for the quantification and graduation of fines established in Supreme Decree No. 033-2025-RE, creating normative gaps and risks of administrative discretion. The study first examines the theoretical and normative foundations of administrative sanctioning law, focusing on the principles of legality, typicity, proportionality, and reasonableness that constrain the exercise of the State’s punitive power. It then analyzes the provisions of Law No. 32301 regarding infractions and sanctions, emphasizing the particular characteristics of the entities supervised by APCI —non-profit organizations that manage nonreimbursable international cooperation funds—, which require a differentiated approach in the determination of fines. Based on this framework, the article proposes a methodology for calculating and grading pecuniary sanctions, grounded in the criteria established in Article 248 of the Single Ordered Text of Law No. 27444, and complemented by economic and social weighting variables to ensure proportional, objective, and reasonable administrative decisions. Additionally, it examines national and international jurisprudential and administrative standards that support the proposed methodological design. Finally, the article concludes that adopting a transparent and coherent methodology will strengthen APCI’s supervisory capacity, promote regulatory compliance, and contribute to good governance, administrative efficiency, and transparency in the management of international technical cooperation in Peru.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Agencia Peruana de Cooperación Internacional, Sanciones administrativas--Perú, Multas--Perú