Influencia de la protesta en el cumplimiento de compromisos estatales surgidos de los espacios de diálogo en el Perú entre 2009 y 2019
Date
2024-09-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Nuestro estudio busca conocer si las protestas sociales influyen en el nivel
de respuesta estatal para el cumplimiento de los compromisos asumidos por las
entidades públicas. En particular, nos centramos en los compromisos
negociados en instancias de diálogo surgidas como respuesta a los conflictos
sociales en un periodo reciente de la historia peruana en que se realizó
adecuaciones para consolidar la apertura al mercado internacional, los años
2009 y 2019.
En segunda instancia se pretendió determinar si dentro de la relación
entre protesta y cumplimiento, las consecuencia violentas de la protesta tienen
alguna repercusión mayor ya sea en reducción de plazos o en alcance de los
servicios públicos.
Con esos fines, se ha extraído información de los reportes de conflictos
sociales de la Defensoría del Pueblo, las actas de compromisos de la
Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros y otras bases de datos de acceso público
de las entidades estatales, referida en primer lugar a episodios de protesta social
e indicadores escogidos de violencia y en segundo, a los avances en la ejecución
los compromisos asociados a un conjunto de espacios de diálogo instaurados en
el periodo para 24 conflictos sociales en varias regiones del país.
Del análisis de los datos, mediante una prueba de hipótesis de
independencia estadística empleando la prueba de chi-cuadrado se colige que
no existe relación significativa entre las variables de protesta, suscripción y
ejecución de compromisos.
Complementariamente, se seleccionó dos procesos de conflicto dentro del
periodo para analizarlos como casos, el de la Comisión para la atención de las
comunidades en las cuencas de los ríos Corrientes, Pastaza, Tigre, Marañón y
Chambira en Loreto y el de la Mesa técnica del río Coata en Puno, de los que se
escogió y entrevistó a un conjunto de 15 actores participantes en la gestión de
compromisos, tanto representantes de entidades públicas como de los grupos
movilizados. Del estudio con la metodología de análisis de marcos referenciales se
concluye que en suma a la disrupción que causó la protesta en la labor de las
instituciones, pero sin dar peso especial a la que tuvo consecuencias violentas,
la articulación técnico política entre movimientos, autoridades locales y
nacionales permitió obtener resultados importantes para las comunidades. Estos
resultados fueron principalmente recursos y servicios públicos, no soluciones a
los reclamos principales de los movimientos o mejoras institucionales de las
entidades, por lo que el nivel de cumplimiento no fue total.
This study seeks to know if social protests influence the level of state response to fulfill the commitments assumed by public entities. In particular, we focus on the commitments negotiated in roundtable discussions constituted in response to social conflicts in a recent period of Peruvian history in which adjustments were made to consolidate the opening to the international market, the years 2009 and 2019. In the second instance, the aim was to determine if within the relationship between protest and compliance, the violent consequences of the protest have a greater impact either in reducing deadlines or in the scope of public services. For these purposes, information has been extracted from the social conflict reports of the Ombudsman's Office, the minutes of commitments of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and other publicly accessible databases of state entities, referring primarily to episodes of social protest and selected indicators of violence and secondly, to the progress in the execution of the commitments associated with a set of dialogue spaces established in the selected period for 24 social conflicts in some regions of the country. From the analysis of the data, through a hypothesis test of statistical independence using the chi-square test, it is concluded that there is no significant relationship between the variables of protest, subscription and execution of commitments. Additionally, two conflict processes were selected within the period to analyze them as cases, the case of the Commission for the attention of the communities in the basins of the Corrientes, Pastaza, Tigre, Marañón and Chambira rivers in Loreto and the case of the Technical Table of the Coata River in Puno, from which a group of actors participating in the management of commitments were chosen and interviewed, both representatives of public entities and the mobilized groups. From the study with the methodology of analysis of referential frameworks, it is concluded that in addition to the disruption that the protest caused in the work of the institutions, but without giving special weight to the one that had violent consequences, the technical-political articulation between movements, local authorities and national ones allowed us to obtain important results for the communities. These results were mainly public resources and services, not solutions to the main demands of the movements or institutional improvements for the entities, so the level of compliance was not total.
This study seeks to know if social protests influence the level of state response to fulfill the commitments assumed by public entities. In particular, we focus on the commitments negotiated in roundtable discussions constituted in response to social conflicts in a recent period of Peruvian history in which adjustments were made to consolidate the opening to the international market, the years 2009 and 2019. In the second instance, the aim was to determine if within the relationship between protest and compliance, the violent consequences of the protest have a greater impact either in reducing deadlines or in the scope of public services. For these purposes, information has been extracted from the social conflict reports of the Ombudsman's Office, the minutes of commitments of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and other publicly accessible databases of state entities, referring primarily to episodes of social protest and selected indicators of violence and secondly, to the progress in the execution of the commitments associated with a set of dialogue spaces established in the selected period for 24 social conflicts in some regions of the country. From the analysis of the data, through a hypothesis test of statistical independence using the chi-square test, it is concluded that there is no significant relationship between the variables of protest, subscription and execution of commitments. Additionally, two conflict processes were selected within the period to analyze them as cases, the case of the Commission for the attention of the communities in the basins of the Corrientes, Pastaza, Tigre, Marañón and Chambira rivers in Loreto and the case of the Technical Table of the Coata River in Puno, from which a group of actors participating in the management of commitments were chosen and interviewed, both representatives of public entities and the mobilized groups. From the study with the methodology of analysis of referential frameworks, it is concluded that in addition to the disruption that the protest caused in the work of the institutions, but without giving special weight to the one that had violent consequences, the technical-political articulation between movements, local authorities and national ones allowed us to obtain important results for the communities. These results were mainly public resources and services, not solutions to the main demands of the movements or institutional improvements for the entities, so the level of compliance was not total.
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Keywords
Perú. Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros, Manifestaciones--Perú, Responsabilidad por el medio ambiente--Perú, Conflicto social--Perú
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