¿Quién decide cuando el Estado cumple rol subsidiario?
Date
2025-03-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
El problema principal de esta investigación se centra en determinar la necesidad
de que el Estado peruano, a través de INDECOPI, emita un informe previo o
consultivo al pretender la creación de alguna empresa pública. Ello con el fin de
asegurar que dichas intervenciones respeten el principio constitucional de
subsidiariedad, consagrado en el artículo 60 de la Constitución Política del Perú.
Este principio establece que el Estado unicamente puede desarrollar actividades
empresariales de manera subsidiaria, es decir, solo cuando cuando se detemine
la categoría de interés público o alta conveniencia nacional, que justifique su
intervención en aquellos sectores donde la libre iniciativa privada no ha
demostrado poder operar eficientemente.
Siguiendo esta linea, debemos recordar que sin un mecanismo de control
preventivo adecuado, el Estado podría competir injustamente con empresas
privadas, generando distorsiones en el mercado y afectando injustificadamente
la libre competencia.
Así mismo, es importante señalar que los principales instrumentos normativos
empleados en esta investigación son el artículo 60 de la Constitución del Perú y
el Decreto Legislativo 1044 (Ley de Represión de la Competencia Desleal), los
que en suma otorgan al INDECOPI la facultad de supervisar la competencia y
evaluar si aquellas actividades empresariales que el Estado decida desarrollar,
respetan el principio de subsidiariedad.
Finalmente, tras la presente investigación, hemos podido concluir que establecer
como requisito fundamental un informe previo o consultivo del INDECOPI es
esencial para garantizar que la intervención estatal esté debidamente justificada
y no afecte la eficiencia competitiva. Asimismo, demos destacar la propuesta de
que el INDECOPI sea reconocido como un Organismo Constitucionalmente
Autónomo, ell fundamentado en fortalecer su rol preventivo e independencia en
la regulación de la competencia, evitando así que el Estado actúe en detrimento
de la libre inciativa privada y la eficiencia competitiva.
The main issue addressed in this research is the need for the Peruvian State, through INDECOPI, to issue a prior or consultative report when proposing the creation of a public company. This requirement aims to ensure that such interventions respect the constitutional principle of subsidiarity, enshrined in Article 60 of the Political Constitution of Peru. This principle establishes that the State can only engage in business activities subsidiarily, meaning exclusively when there is a determination of public interest or significant national convenience justifying its intervention in sectors where private initiative has not demonstrated the capacity to operate efficiently. Following this approach, it is essential to note that without an adequate preventive control mechanism, the State could unfairly compete with private companies, leading to market distortions and unjustified harm to free competition. Moreover, it is important to highlight that the main legal instruments utilized in this research are Article 60 of the Peruvian Constitution and Legislative Decree 1044 (Law on the Repression of Unfair Competition). Together, these provide INDECOPI with the authority to oversee competition and evaluate whether the business activities undertaken by the State comply with the principle of subsidiarity. Finally, this research concludes that establishing a prior or consultative report from INDECOPI as a fundamental requirement is essential to ensure that state intervention is properly justified and does not undermine competitive efficiency. Furthermore, we emphasize the proposal to recognize INDECOPI as a Constitutionally Autonomous Body. This recognition is grounded in the need to strengthen its preventive role and independence in competition regulation, thus avoiding state actions that harm private initiative and competitive efficiency.
The main issue addressed in this research is the need for the Peruvian State, through INDECOPI, to issue a prior or consultative report when proposing the creation of a public company. This requirement aims to ensure that such interventions respect the constitutional principle of subsidiarity, enshrined in Article 60 of the Political Constitution of Peru. This principle establishes that the State can only engage in business activities subsidiarily, meaning exclusively when there is a determination of public interest or significant national convenience justifying its intervention in sectors where private initiative has not demonstrated the capacity to operate efficiently. Following this approach, it is essential to note that without an adequate preventive control mechanism, the State could unfairly compete with private companies, leading to market distortions and unjustified harm to free competition. Moreover, it is important to highlight that the main legal instruments utilized in this research are Article 60 of the Peruvian Constitution and Legislative Decree 1044 (Law on the Repression of Unfair Competition). Together, these provide INDECOPI with the authority to oversee competition and evaluate whether the business activities undertaken by the State comply with the principle of subsidiarity. Finally, this research concludes that establishing a prior or consultative report from INDECOPI as a fundamental requirement is essential to ensure that state intervention is properly justified and does not undermine competitive efficiency. Furthermore, we emphasize the proposal to recognize INDECOPI as a Constitutionally Autonomous Body. This recognition is grounded in the need to strengthen its preventive role and independence in competition regulation, thus avoiding state actions that harm private initiative and competitive efficiency.
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Keywords
Subsidiariedad--Aspectos legales--Perú, Competencia económica desleal--Perú, Empresas públicas--Aspectos legales--Perú
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