Identidad social, soporte social y bienestar en un grupo de migrantes venezolanos en Lima Metropolitana
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El objetivo general de la investigación fue analizar las relaciones entre (1) la identificación con
la categoría social migrante venezolano, (2) el soporte social y (3) el bienestar en un grupo de
migrantes provenientes de Venezuela que residen en la ciudad de Lima. La muestra estuvo
conformada por 100 participantes, todos ellos migrantes de Venezuela, cuyas edades iban de
los 19 a los 65 años (M=31.30, DE=8.57), de ambos sexos (74% mujeres). Se empleó una
batería de instrumentos para medir las dimensiones de la identidad social (grado de
identificación, autoestima colectiva y autoestereotipos colectivos), las dimensiones del soporte
social (frecuencia y satisfacción con el apoyo social), el bienestar psicológico y el bienestar
social.
Se encontró que la identificación con la comunidad venezolana, especialmente a través de las
percepciones positivas sobre el endogrupo, está vinculada a un mayor soporte social
proveniente de amigos venezolanos. Este apoyo, a su vez, se relaciona con niveles más altos
de bienestar psicológico y social. Los resultados sugieren que los estereotipos positivos sobre
el grupo propio (venezolanos) influyen en la búsqueda y obtención de apoyo social dentro de
esta comunidad. Además, se observó que experiencias de discriminación pueden afectar
negativamente el bienestar social de los migrantes.
Se concluye que el soporte social de amigos venezolanos es fundamental para el bienestar de
los migrantes, especialmente al inicio de su proceso de adaptación en Perú. Se recomienda
investigar más sobre el impacto de la discriminación y la evolución de las redes sociales a lo
largo del proceso migratorio.
The general objective of the present study was to analyse the relationships between (1) identification with the Venezuelan migrant category”, (2) social support and (3) well-being in a group of Venezuelan migrants residing in Metropolitan Lima. The sample consisted of 100 Venezuelan migrants, whose ages ranged from 19 to 65 years (M=31.30, SD=8.57), of both sexes (74% women). A battery of instruments was used to measure dimensions of social identity (degree of identification, collective self-esteem, self-stereotype), dimensions of social support (frequency and satisfaction with social support), psychological well-being and social well-being. It was found that identification with the Venezuelan community, especially through positive perceptions about the ingroup, is linked to greater social support from Venezuelan friends. This support, in turn, is related to higher levels of psychological and social well-being. The results suggest that positive stereotypes about one's own group (Venezuelans) influence the search for and obtaining of social support within this community. In addition, it was observed that experiences of discrimination can negatively affect the social well-being of migrants. It is concluded that the social support of Venezuelan friends is fundamental for the well-being of migrants, especially at the beginning of their adaptation process in Peru. Further research on the impact of discrimination and the evolution of social networks throughout the migration process is recommended.
The general objective of the present study was to analyse the relationships between (1) identification with the Venezuelan migrant category”, (2) social support and (3) well-being in a group of Venezuelan migrants residing in Metropolitan Lima. The sample consisted of 100 Venezuelan migrants, whose ages ranged from 19 to 65 years (M=31.30, SD=8.57), of both sexes (74% women). A battery of instruments was used to measure dimensions of social identity (degree of identification, collective self-esteem, self-stereotype), dimensions of social support (frequency and satisfaction with social support), psychological well-being and social well-being. It was found that identification with the Venezuelan community, especially through positive perceptions about the ingroup, is linked to greater social support from Venezuelan friends. This support, in turn, is related to higher levels of psychological and social well-being. The results suggest that positive stereotypes about one's own group (Venezuelans) influence the search for and obtaining of social support within this community. In addition, it was observed that experiences of discrimination can negatively affect the social well-being of migrants. It is concluded that the social support of Venezuelan friends is fundamental for the well-being of migrants, especially at the beginning of their adaptation process in Peru. Further research on the impact of discrimination and the evolution of social networks throughout the migration process is recommended.
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Bienestar--Aspectos psicológicos, Soporte social, Identidad de grupo, Venezolanos en Perú
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