El principio de buena administración como criterio de dirección de la discrecionalidad en la cobranza coactiva de tributos municipales distritales en el Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente artículo analiza cómo el principio de buena administración puede actuar
como un criterio de dirección que delimite la discrecionalidad de las municipalidades
distritales en la cobranza coactiva de tributos, buscando equilibrar la eficacia
recaudatoria con el respeto de los derechos fundamentales. El problema central
identificado es que la normativa vigente —principalmente la Ley N.º 26979, Ley del
Procedimiento de Ejecución Coactiva, y su reglamento aprobado por el D.S. N.º 036-
2001-EF— regula aspectos procedimentales, pero carece de parámetros materiales
que orienten el uso de la discrecionalidad del ejecutor coactivo. Esta ausencia de
directrices genera decisiones desproporcionadas, afectaciones al debido
procedimiento y a la propiedad, y un deterioro progresivo de la confianza ciudadana.
Para el análisis se emplean instrumentos normativos como Constitución Política, Ley
N.º 26979, Ley N.º 27444, así como jurisprudencia relevante del Tribunal
Constitucional, que evidencian abusos en el ejercicio del poder coactivo municipal. En
ese sentido, se evidencia que la buena administración no solo limita, sino que orienta
la discrecionalidad hacia decisiones razonables, motivadas y proporcionales,
fortaleciendo la legitimidad institucional y la confianza ciudadana. Por lo que, este
principio constituye una vía idónea para equilibrar la recaudación municipal con la
protección de los derechos fundamentales, consolidando una gestión pública más
justa y coherente con el Estado de Derecho.
This article examines how the principle of good administration can operate as a guiding criterion that delineates the discretion exercised by district municipalities in the coercive collection of taxes, seeking to balance revenue efficiency with respect for fundamental rights. The central problem identified is that the current legal framework —primarily Law No. 26979, the Law on the Coercive Enforcement Procedure, and its regulation approved by Supreme Decree No. 036-2001-EF— regulates procedural aspects but lacks substantive parameters to guide the discretionary decisions of the enforcement authority. This absence of guidance leads to disproportionate measures, violations of due process and property rights, and a progressive deterioration of citizen trust. The analysis relies on normative instruments such as the Political Constitution, Law No. 26979, and Law No. 27444, as well as relevant case law from the Constitutional Court, which demonstrates recurring abuses in the exercise of municipal coercive power. In this regard, the study shows that good administration not only limits but also guides discretion toward reasonable, well-grounded, and proportionate decisions, thereby strengthening institutional legitimacy and citizen confidence. Consequently, this principle constitutes an effective means of balancing municipal tax collection with the protection of fundamental rights, contributing to a more just public administration aligned with the principles of the Rule of Law.
This article examines how the principle of good administration can operate as a guiding criterion that delineates the discretion exercised by district municipalities in the coercive collection of taxes, seeking to balance revenue efficiency with respect for fundamental rights. The central problem identified is that the current legal framework —primarily Law No. 26979, the Law on the Coercive Enforcement Procedure, and its regulation approved by Supreme Decree No. 036-2001-EF— regulates procedural aspects but lacks substantive parameters to guide the discretionary decisions of the enforcement authority. This absence of guidance leads to disproportionate measures, violations of due process and property rights, and a progressive deterioration of citizen trust. The analysis relies on normative instruments such as the Political Constitution, Law No. 26979, and Law No. 27444, as well as relevant case law from the Constitutional Court, which demonstrates recurring abuses in the exercise of municipal coercive power. In this regard, the study shows that good administration not only limits but also guides discretion toward reasonable, well-grounded, and proportionate decisions, thereby strengthening institutional legitimacy and citizen confidence. Consequently, this principle constitutes an effective means of balancing municipal tax collection with the protection of fundamental rights, contributing to a more just public administration aligned with the principles of the Rule of Law.
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Derecho administrativo--Legislación--Perú, Cobranza coactiva--Legislación--Perú, Administración tributaria--Perú
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