Límites a la jornada de trabajo aplicables al personal de dirección y de confianza no sujeto a fiscalización superior inmediata, a propósito del derecho a la desconexión digital
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La jornada de trabajo es el periodo de tiempo en que un trabajador está
disponible para realizar los servicios a su cargo, en favor de su empleador. Fuera
de esos límites, de existir prestación de servicios, esta deberá ser voluntaria y
producto de un acuerdo con el empleador, salvo las excepciones establecidas
por ley.
Esta situación resulta diferente para aquellos trabajadores que ocupan puestos
de dirección o de confianza no sujetos a fiscalización superior inmediata. Según
establece la legislación peruana, quienes ocupan cargos de este tipo quedan
excluidos de la jornada máxima de trabajo, lo que genera la consecuencia directa
de no recibir el pago de trabajo en sobretiempo, así como otras de carácter no
económico.
En la presente investigación se analiza cuál ha sido el tratamiento de la jornada
máxima de trabajo, así como el tratamiento de las categorías especiales de
trabajadores contempladas en la legislación peruana y sus símiles en otras
legislaciones. Finalmente, se abordan algunas de consecuencias de no limitar la
jornada de trabajo de este grupo de trabajadores, consecuencias que no son
solo económicas, sino que afectan otros derechos, como el descanso, la salud e
incluso, la dignidad de la persona.
2 ABSTRACT The working day is the time during which a worker is available to perform the services for which they are responsible, on behalf of their employer. Outside of this time, if services are provided, they must, in most cases, be voluntary and the result of an agreement with the employer. This situation is different for management and trusted workers who are not subject to immediate supervision, who, according to Peruvian law, are excluded from compliance with the maximum working day, which has the direct consequence of not receiving overtime pay, as well as other non-economic consequences. This study analyzes how maximum working hours have been treated, as well as the treatment of special categories of workers covered by Peruvian legislation and its equivalents in other legislations. Finally, it analyzes that the consequences of not limiting working hours are not only economic, but that the lack of limitation on working hours can affect the right to rest of this group of workers and, with this, generate an impact on their right to health and even dignity.
2 ABSTRACT The working day is the time during which a worker is available to perform the services for which they are responsible, on behalf of their employer. Outside of this time, if services are provided, they must, in most cases, be voluntary and the result of an agreement with the employer. This situation is different for management and trusted workers who are not subject to immediate supervision, who, according to Peruvian law, are excluded from compliance with the maximum working day, which has the direct consequence of not receiving overtime pay, as well as other non-economic consequences. This study analyzes how maximum working hours have been treated, as well as the treatment of special categories of workers covered by Peruvian legislation and its equivalents in other legislations. Finally, it analyzes that the consequences of not limiting working hours are not only economic, but that the lack of limitation on working hours can affect the right to rest of this group of workers and, with this, generate an impact on their right to health and even dignity.
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Palabras clave
Jornada de trabajo--Legislación--Perú, Estabilidad laboral--Legislación--Perú, Contratos de trabajo--Legislación--Perú