Implementación de voladuras de circado con detonadores electrónicos en labores de preparación de una operación minera subterránea polimetálica
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Ante la presencia de vetas angostas tipo rosario en los yacimientos minerales presentes en una unidad minera en Huancavelica, surge la búsqueda de alternativas que permitan
garantizar el valor por tonelada (VPT) de las diferentes vetas existentes, a lo cual en la operación minera se venía empleando el circado convencional en voladuras con detonadores
no eléctricos en dos fases o más en secciones de 2,2 m x 3,0 m, 2,1 m x 3,0 m y 2,0 m x 3,0 m como alternativa para mantener el cumplimiento de la Ley promedio por guardia. Por lo tanto,
se desarrolló la implementación de voladura selectiva con el uso de detonadores electrónicos
como propuesta de solución ante la problemática encontrada en la unidad minera, ya que este producto permitió el desarrollo de voladuras selectivas mediante una sola fase, así como la ventaja de la disponibilidad diaria de mineral de alto valor, ya que el método produce 1 volquete de material mineral de alto VPT por cada labor circada en una sola guardia. El objetivo del estudio es presentar los resultados y el valor agregado de la implementación de detonadores electrónicos en voladura de circado en las diferentes labores de una unidad minera en Huancavelica, objetivo que pudo ser demostrado en el tiempo de estadía en dicha operación, durante el cual se realizaron un total de 107 voladuras en frentes de desarrollos y preparación (galerías y subniveles) con detonadores electrónicos bajo una metodología práctica que consiste en los siguientes puntos: i. Identificación de escenario de veta en el frente ii. Revisión de valores de VPT iii. Definición de malla de perforación.
iv. Carguío de frente, conexión y testeo de detonadores electrónicos v. Realización de voladura electrónica vi. Limpieza selectiva vii. Obtención de mineral de alto valor
Los principales resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: ● Eficiencia de avance promedio total de 95,27%
● Sobrerotura promedio total de 7,00% ● Proyección de desmonte promedio total de 18,0 m, lo cual garantiza una correcta separación entre el material mineral y el desmonte.
● Fragmentación de material mineral de 4,97 pulgadas y para el desmonte 7,12 pulgadas, lo cual garantiza una correcta segregación de los materiales volados, así como también
una correcta proyección de desmonte. ● Recuperación de Valor por Tonelada de Mineral (VPT) de 64% para vetas de 20 cm,
88% para vetas de 25 cm, 87% para vetas de 60 cm, 87% para vetas de 35 cm, 58% para vetas de 40 cm, 62% para vetas de 45 cm, 65% para vetas de 50 cm, 59% para vetas de 55 cm, 75% para vetas de 60 cm, 52% para vetas de 65 cm, 56% para vetas de 70 cm, 78% para vetas de 75 cm, 79% para vetas de 80 cm, 85% para vetas de 90 cm, 71% para vetas de 110 cm y 42% para vetas de 120 cm: obteniéndose una recuperación VPT promedio total en los 107 disparos realizados de 62,38%. Se logró un valor agregado de 169 433 USD (incremento del 52%). Adicionalmente, se generó un total de 2 322 toneladas de alto valor que fueron fuente de ingreso directo a los
Stockpiles de la unidad minera del estudio.
In response to the presence of narrow, rosary-type veins in the mineral deposits present in a mining unit in Huancavelica, the search for alternatives to guarantee the value per tonne (VPT) of the different existing veins arose, to which the mining operation was using conventional blasting with non-electric detonators in two phases or more in sections of 2,2 m x 3,0 m, 2,1 m x 3,0 m and 2,0 m x 3,0 m as an alternative to maintain compliance with the average grade per guard. Therefore, the implementation of selective blasting with the use of electronic detonators was developed as a proposed solution to the problem found in the mining unit, since this product allowed the development of selective blasting through a single phase, as well as the advantage of the daily availability of high value ore, as the method produces 1 dump truck of high VPT mineral material for each work circulated in a single shift. The objective of the study is to report the results and the added value of the implementation of electronic detonators in circado blasting in the different workings of a mining unit in Huancavelica, an objective that could be demonstrated in the time spent in this operation, during which a total of 107 blasting operations were carried out in development and preparation fronts (galleries and sublevels) with electronic detonators under a practical methodology consisting of the following points: i. Identification of face vein scenario ii. Review of VPT values iii. Definition of drilling pattern iv. Face charging, connection and testing of electronic detonators. v. Electronic blasting vi. Selective mucking vii. High-value ore production The main results were as follows: ● Overall average advance efficiency of 95,27%. ● Total average overbreak of 7,00%. ● Total average waste rock projection of 18,0 m, which guaranteed a correct separation between the mineral material and waste rock. ● Mineral material fragmentation of 4,97 inches and for the waste rock 7,12 inches, which guaranteed a correct segregation of the blasted materials, as well as a correct waste rock projection. ● Value per tonne of ore (VPT) recovery of 64% for 20 cm veins, 88% for 25 cm veins, 87% for 60 cm veins, 87% for 35 cm veins, 58% for 40 cm veins, 62% for 45 cm veins, 65% for 50 cm veins, 59% for 55 cm veins and 59% for 55 cm veins, 59% for 55 cm veins, 75% for 60 cm veins, 52% for 65 cm veins, 56% for 70 cm veins, 78% for 75 cm veins, 79% for 80 cm veins, 85% for 90 cm veins, 71% for 110 cm veins and 42% for 120 cm veins: obtaining a total average VPT recovery in the 107 shots performed of 62,38%. An added value of 169 433 USD was achieved (52% increase). Additionally, a total of 2 322 tons of high value were generated, which were a source of direct income to the Stockpiles of the mining unit of the study.
In response to the presence of narrow, rosary-type veins in the mineral deposits present in a mining unit in Huancavelica, the search for alternatives to guarantee the value per tonne (VPT) of the different existing veins arose, to which the mining operation was using conventional blasting with non-electric detonators in two phases or more in sections of 2,2 m x 3,0 m, 2,1 m x 3,0 m and 2,0 m x 3,0 m as an alternative to maintain compliance with the average grade per guard. Therefore, the implementation of selective blasting with the use of electronic detonators was developed as a proposed solution to the problem found in the mining unit, since this product allowed the development of selective blasting through a single phase, as well as the advantage of the daily availability of high value ore, as the method produces 1 dump truck of high VPT mineral material for each work circulated in a single shift. The objective of the study is to report the results and the added value of the implementation of electronic detonators in circado blasting in the different workings of a mining unit in Huancavelica, an objective that could be demonstrated in the time spent in this operation, during which a total of 107 blasting operations were carried out in development and preparation fronts (galleries and sublevels) with electronic detonators under a practical methodology consisting of the following points: i. Identification of face vein scenario ii. Review of VPT values iii. Definition of drilling pattern iv. Face charging, connection and testing of electronic detonators. v. Electronic blasting vi. Selective mucking vii. High-value ore production The main results were as follows: ● Overall average advance efficiency of 95,27%. ● Total average overbreak of 7,00%. ● Total average waste rock projection of 18,0 m, which guaranteed a correct separation between the mineral material and waste rock. ● Mineral material fragmentation of 4,97 inches and for the waste rock 7,12 inches, which guaranteed a correct segregation of the blasted materials, as well as a correct waste rock projection. ● Value per tonne of ore (VPT) recovery of 64% for 20 cm veins, 88% for 25 cm veins, 87% for 60 cm veins, 87% for 35 cm veins, 58% for 40 cm veins, 62% for 45 cm veins, 65% for 50 cm veins, 59% for 55 cm veins and 59% for 55 cm veins, 59% for 55 cm veins, 75% for 60 cm veins, 52% for 65 cm veins, 56% for 70 cm veins, 78% for 75 cm veins, 79% for 80 cm veins, 85% for 90 cm veins, 71% for 110 cm veins and 42% for 120 cm veins: obtaining a total average VPT recovery in the 107 shots performed of 62,38%. An added value of 169 433 USD was achieved (52% increase). Additionally, a total of 2 322 tons of high value were generated, which were a source of direct income to the Stockpiles of the mining unit of the study.
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Voladuras (Minería)--Perú--Huancavelica, Detonadores electricos--Perú--Huancavelica, Empresas mineras--Perú--Huancavelica
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item.page.review
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