Implementación y evaluación de un sistema de gestión de flota en una operación minera subterránea, orientado a la mejora de la productividad y la eficiencia operativa
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La minería subterránea mecanizada presenta alta complejidad operativa por la interacción
de equipos móviles, frentes dispersos y restricciones del entorno, por lo que requiere control
eficiente del ciclo de carguío y acarreo. Este Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional implementa y
evalúa un sistema de gestión de flota tipo Dispatch en una operación subterránea mecanizada
para optimizar la gestión operativa y fortalecer la toma de decisiones con información en
tiempo cercano al real.
El estudio se sustenta en gestión operativa y control del ciclo de minado mediante
indicadores clave de desempeño (horas efectivas, demoras operativas, utilización,
disponibilidad mecánica y producción) soportados por registro estandarizado de eventos. La
metodología es cuantitativa y aplicada, basada en la comparación antes/después, con
condiciones operativas comparables y sin incremento significativo de flota.
Los resultados muestran que las horas efectivas por guardia aumentan de 5.1 h a 6.2 h,
las demoras totales disminuyen en 0.9 h y la utilización se incrementa de 63% a 69%, con
disponibilidad mecánica constante. La producción diaria promedio aumenta de 8,300 tpd a
11,200 tpd. Con CAPEX ≈ US$ 179,700 y OPEX anual ≈ US$ 1.11 millones, el sistema reduce
el costo unitario y genera un beneficio incremental ≈ US$ 8 millones/año, con recuperación
menor a un año. Se concluye que Dispatch mejora de forma sostenible la productividad y la
eficiencia operativa.
Mechanized underground mining entails high operational complexity due to the interaction of mobile equipment, dispersed production faces, and environmental constraints; therefore, it requires efficient control of the loading and hauling cycle. This Professional Sufficiency Work implements and evaluates a Dispatch-type fleet management system in a mechanized underground operation to optimize operational management and strengthen decision-making through near-real-time information. The study is grounded in operational management and control of the mining cycle using key performance indicators (KPIs)—effective hours, operational delays, utilization, mechanical availability, and production—supported by standardized event logging. The methodology is quantitative and applied, based on a before-and-after comparison under comparable operating conditions and without a significant increase in fleet size. The results show that effective hours per shift increase from 5.1 h to 6.2 h, total delays decrease by 0.9 h, and utilization rises from 63% to 69%, with mechanical availability remaining constant. Average daily production increases from 8,300 tpd to 11,200 tpd. With a CAPEX of approximately US$ 179,700 and an annual OPEX of approximately US$ 1.11 million, the system reduces unit costs and generates an incremental benefit of approximately US$ 8 million per year, with a payback period of less than one year. It is concluded that the Dispatch system sustainably improves productivity and operational efficiency.
Mechanized underground mining entails high operational complexity due to the interaction of mobile equipment, dispersed production faces, and environmental constraints; therefore, it requires efficient control of the loading and hauling cycle. This Professional Sufficiency Work implements and evaluates a Dispatch-type fleet management system in a mechanized underground operation to optimize operational management and strengthen decision-making through near-real-time information. The study is grounded in operational management and control of the mining cycle using key performance indicators (KPIs)—effective hours, operational delays, utilization, mechanical availability, and production—supported by standardized event logging. The methodology is quantitative and applied, based on a before-and-after comparison under comparable operating conditions and without a significant increase in fleet size. The results show that effective hours per shift increase from 5.1 h to 6.2 h, total delays decrease by 0.9 h, and utilization rises from 63% to 69%, with mechanical availability remaining constant. Average daily production increases from 8,300 tpd to 11,200 tpd. With a CAPEX of approximately US$ 179,700 and an annual OPEX of approximately US$ 1.11 million, the system reduces unit costs and generates an incremental benefit of approximately US$ 8 million per year, with a payback period of less than one year. It is concluded that the Dispatch system sustainably improves productivity and operational efficiency.
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Explotación subterránea (Minería), Acarreo minero, Administración del tiempo--Innovaciones tecnológicas, Eficiencia industrial