Degradación de surfactantes tipo alquilfenol etoxilados (APEOs) mediante oxidación avanzada utilizando fieltro de grafito modificado con hierro
Date
2024-09-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En esta tesis se reportan los resultados de la degradación de nonilfenol etoxilado
(NPEO), un derivado de la etoxilación de alquilfenoles, el cual es utilizado en la
industria química, textil y pinturera como agente de humectación, antiespumante y
principalmente como modificador de tensión superficial. Se ha comprobado
mediante diversos estudios que los alquilfenoles etoxilados (APEOs) son
considerados disruptores endocrinos y por ende su uso está restringido. Sin
embargo, actualmente se continúan utilizando en países en vías de desarrollo como
el Perú, debido a que no hay ninguna regulación u normativa que restrinja su uso.
En el marco de la tesis, la degradación del NPEO se realizó mediante el proceso
electro-Fenton empleando fieltros de grafito (FG) modificados con hierro como
electrodos. Esta modificación se llevó a cabo por el método de impregnación vía
húmeda, para la cual se utilizó una sal de hierro en medio ácido. La caracterización
de los FG se completó mediante SEM-EDS y DRX. Para monitorear la degradación
del NPEO, se utilizó la determinación de la DQO debido a que indica la cantidad de
oxígeno necesaria para oxidar las sustancias orgánicas presentes en una muestra
y está directamente vinculada con la concentración de NPEO. En el caso de
muestras acuosas de 150 ppm de NPEO, se logró remover cerca del 99% del valor
inicial de la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) al emplear los electrodos
modificados con hierro (goetita) mientras que, el mismo tratamiento con los
electrodos no modificados logró eliminar el 83% del valor inicial de DQO.
Finalmente, estos ensayos realizados sobre muestras de agua residual industrial
removieron cerca del 60% del valor inicial de DQO al utilizar los electrodos
modificados con hierro.
In this thesis are reported the results of degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), a product derived from the ethoxylation of alkylphenols, which is used in the chemical, textile and paint industry for its wetting and antifoam properties as well as a surface tension modifier. It has been reported that the ethoxylated alkylphenols (APEOs) are considered endocrine disruptors and therefore their use is restricted. However, they are still used in developing countries like Peru, because there are no regulations or laws that hinder their use. In the framework of this thesis, the degradation of NPEO was carried out by means of the electro-Fenton process using graphite felts (FG) modified with iron as electrodes. The modification was carried out by the wet impregnation method, an iron salt in acidic medium. The characterization of the FG was carried out by SEM-EDS and DRX. To monitor the degradation of NPEO, COD determination was used because it indicates the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize the organic substances present in a sample and is directly linked to the concentration of NPEO. In the case of synthetic aqueous samples of 150 ppm of NPEO, about 99% of the initial value of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed by using the iron-modified electrodes; whereas the same treatment carried out with unmodified electrodes was able to remove 83% of the initial COD values. Finally, the electrochemical treatment performed on samples of industrial wastewater removed about 60% of the initial COD value by using the iron-modified electrodes.
In this thesis are reported the results of degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), a product derived from the ethoxylation of alkylphenols, which is used in the chemical, textile and paint industry for its wetting and antifoam properties as well as a surface tension modifier. It has been reported that the ethoxylated alkylphenols (APEOs) are considered endocrine disruptors and therefore their use is restricted. However, they are still used in developing countries like Peru, because there are no regulations or laws that hinder their use. In the framework of this thesis, the degradation of NPEO was carried out by means of the electro-Fenton process using graphite felts (FG) modified with iron as electrodes. The modification was carried out by the wet impregnation method, an iron salt in acidic medium. The characterization of the FG was carried out by SEM-EDS and DRX. To monitor the degradation of NPEO, COD determination was used because it indicates the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize the organic substances present in a sample and is directly linked to the concentration of NPEO. In the case of synthetic aqueous samples of 150 ppm of NPEO, about 99% of the initial value of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed by using the iron-modified electrodes; whereas the same treatment carried out with unmodified electrodes was able to remove 83% of the initial COD values. Finally, the electrochemical treatment performed on samples of industrial wastewater removed about 60% of the initial COD value by using the iron-modified electrodes.
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Keywords
Alquilfenoles etoxilados, Fibras de grafito, Peróxidos, Hierro
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