Solidaridad y política: la implementación del Programa Nacional de Asistencia Solidaria Pensión 65 en las provincias de Huancayo y Huancavelica
Date
2021-09-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La baja cobertura de pensiones contributivas durante la vejez en el Perú
genera una situación de vulnerabilidad e injustica en los adultos mayores y
redunda en mayores gastos y efectos negativos en la sociedad. Frente a esta
realidad, la presente investigación busca ilustrar la importancia del proceso de
implementación de pensiones no contributivas a nivel subnacional mediante el
análisis del Programa Nacional de Asistencia Solidaria Pensión 65 en la provincia
de Huancayo y de Huancavelica ubicadas en la región de Junín y Huancavelica,
respectivamente. Asimismo, existen escasas investigaciones sobre este tema
que, además, toma más relevancia por la transición demográfica que está
sucediendo. Para ello, partir del análisis de los datos disponibles en las
evaluaciones de impacto a nivel regional, se ha encontrado dos casos contra
intuitivos: Junín y Huancavelica. La región de Junín, a pesar de ser una región
que tiene mejores indicadores socioeconómicos y de densidad estatal, presenta
menor impacto positivo de esta política social. Por el contrario, Huancavelica
tiene impactos más exitosos y, por lo tanto, mejor implementación. En esa línea,
a través del uso de una metodología cualitativa, el objetivo es encontrar qué
factores de la implementación explican el éxito del Programa Nacional de
Asistencia Solidaria Pensión 65 en Huancavelica y por qué en Junín los
resultados son más deficientes. Se plantean una serie de posibles variables
explicativas como la coordinación intergubernamental, los burócratas de la calle
y la autonomía estatal.
The low coverage of contributory pensions during old age in Peru generates a situation of vulnerability and injustice in older adults and, consequently, results in higher expenses and adverse effects on society. Facing this reality, this research seeks to illustrate the importance of the implementation process of noncontributory pensions at the sub-national level by analyzing the National Program for Solidarity Pension Assistance 65 in the province of Huancayo and Huancavelica located in the Junin and Huancavelica region, respectively. Furthermore, there is scarcely any research on this subject, which takes on a greater pertinence due to the demographic transition that is taking place. Therefore, the analysis of the data available in the impact evaluations at the regional level found two counterintuitive cases: Junin and Huancavelica. Despite Junin being a region that has better socioeconomic indicators and state density, it has a less positive impact on this social policy. On the contrary, Huancavelica has more successful results and, therefore, a better implementation. Along these lines, through the use of a qualitative methodology, the objective is to find what implementation factors explain the success of the National Program for Solidarity Pension Assistance 65 in Huancavelica and why the results in Junín are more inadequate. A series of possible explanatory variables are proposed, such as intergovernmental coordination, street bureaucrats, and state autonomy.
The low coverage of contributory pensions during old age in Peru generates a situation of vulnerability and injustice in older adults and, consequently, results in higher expenses and adverse effects on society. Facing this reality, this research seeks to illustrate the importance of the implementation process of noncontributory pensions at the sub-national level by analyzing the National Program for Solidarity Pension Assistance 65 in the province of Huancayo and Huancavelica located in the Junin and Huancavelica region, respectively. Furthermore, there is scarcely any research on this subject, which takes on a greater pertinence due to the demographic transition that is taking place. Therefore, the analysis of the data available in the impact evaluations at the regional level found two counterintuitive cases: Junin and Huancavelica. Despite Junin being a region that has better socioeconomic indicators and state density, it has a less positive impact on this social policy. On the contrary, Huancavelica has more successful results and, therefore, a better implementation. Along these lines, through the use of a qualitative methodology, the objective is to find what implementation factors explain the success of the National Program for Solidarity Pension Assistance 65 in Huancavelica and why the results in Junín are more inadequate. A series of possible explanatory variables are proposed, such as intergovernmental coordination, street bureaucrats, and state autonomy.
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Keywords
Asistencia económica interior--Perú--Huancayo (Junín : Provincia), Asistencia económica interior--Perú--Huancavelica, Pensiones a la vejez--Perú--Huancayo (Junín : Provincia), Pensiones a la vejez--Perú--Huancavelica, Perú--Política social
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