Ingeniería Mecánica (Mag.)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://98.81.228.127/handle/20.500.12404/768

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Artificial tactile sensors for surface texture detection-finite element models and numerical treatment
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-02-07) Darnieder, Maximilian; Alencastre Miranda, Jorge Hernán; Behn, Carsten
The biological example of vibrissa-type sensors in the animal realm is attributed with impressive sensing capabilities. A recently discovered ability is the surface discrimination task. Preceding research on the topic elaborated certain hypotheses for the functionality of the sensor. The scientiﬁc work is predominantly based on an empirical approach closely related to the biological example. Complex and highly nonlinear mechanical interrelations and tribological aspects of the contact frequently remain unconsidered. In the interplay between the properties of the biological example and the desired technical realization of the sensor concept, the present thesis incrementally develops a complex mechanical model. Its purely numerical treatment is based on the ﬁnite element method framed in the software package ANSYS. Following three modeling stages, the nonlinear structural model is successively implemented ﬁrstly enhancing the contact formulation and secondly including dynamic eﬀects in the computation. The attributes of the biological example like elastic support, pre-curvature and conicity are incorporated and their eﬀects are related to the desired sensor function. Beside the characteristic of the sensor system, elaborated through parameter studies, special emphasis is placed on the determination of the working range and its limiting borderlines as well as the uncovering of problematic aspects of the concept. The complex picture of the static behavior of the sensor system is complemented by a ﬁrst dynamic calculation in close proximity to an experiment, which is conducted in parallel. The juxtaposition of the outcomes are interpreted and a proposal for a measurement strategy is outlined.
Investigation of different compliant mechanisms
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-05-14) Sea Ordaya, Alexander Javier; Alencastre Miranda, Jorge Hernán
The use of flexible mechanisms has been increasing in the recent years. This is due of the advantages that offer with respect to rigid mechanism. However, the method to study them become more complicated. Just to mention, the mathematical equations to investigate their behavior are of a higher level, so the assistance of calculation software is required. For this reason an analytical model is developed to facilitate the study of compliant mechanism. To do this, a review of the theory involved in the calculation of compliant mechanism is made and applied in the development of the analytical model. In this case the equations derived from the Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory were used. In order to have a contrast of results, a software that use the Finite Element Method was used. After the simulation of the structures in both models, the relative errors were obtained. In the case of the simulations to obtain the displacement due to external forces, only the first node of the structures were defined as “Clamp” and the external forces were applied to the rest of the nodes. For this investigation, nine structures were simulated. To obtain a representative relative error, an average of them were calculated, which are 5.69% and 4.28% in the x and y axis respectively. Subsequently, because in all the cases, the first node is fixed, the moment at that node were obtained and compared. The average relative error found was 1.74%. After that, the simulations to obtain the forces due to the rotation of the structures were carried out. To make the simulations, the structures rotate in the range of -0.4 rad and 0.4 rad with steps of 0.1 rad. For this investigation, 4 structures were simulated and 14 parameters were defined. The maximal relative error found was 5.05%. Finally, an study of the behavior of the normalized moment at the first node of the 4 structures when the 14 parameters vary was carried out. In this investigation it was found on one hand that the parameters R1 and R2 from the structure 3 have good influence in the curves but on the other hand, the parameters R1 and α from the structure 4 have almost no influence.
Modelamiento numérico de la vibración inducida por flujo en una tubería horizontal que transporta flujo bifásico turbulento agua – aire
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019-03-26) Abarca Mora, Daniel; Franco Rodríguez, Rosendo
En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis numérico de vibración inducida por flujo (FIV) sobre una tubería horizontal que transporta flujo bifásico agua-aire. Para el estudio del fluido se consideró un dominio de estudio de 3m de longitud en el que se analizaron diferentes modelos de turbulencia con la finalidad de seleccionar el más adecuado para el estudio FIV. Se tomó como criterio de comparación el comportamiento de la presión variable sobre la pared de la tubería. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el modelo RANS K-ω SST es capaz de representar con buena precisión el comportamiento del flujo bifásico analizado, pues capta los patrones de flujo y las fluctuaciones de presión en concordancia con resultados experimentales reportados en la literatura, por lo que fue seleccionado para el análisis FIV. Seguidamente se procedió a determinar el método de análisis de vibración más adecuado para el objeto en estudio (tubería), en el cual se consideró un dominio de estudio de la tubería de 1.53 m de longitud, empotrada en ambos extremos. Es así que se determinó que el análisis dinámico transitorio acoplado bidireccional de interacción fluido-estructura (FSI), que contempla los efectos del campo de fluidos sobre el campo estructural y viceversa, representa de manera adecuada el fenómeno en estudio por considerar que son los esfuerzos, desplazamientos, aceleraciones y frecuencias las variables a determinarse en este análisis. Para las condiciones de flujo analizadas se captaron vibraciones, desplazamientos en el rango de -48 μm a 18 μm, aceleraciones en el rango de -0.07 m/s2 a 0.8 m/s2 y frecuencias máximas en el rango de 10 Hz a 35 Hz.