Procesamiento de Señales e Imágenes Digitales.

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://98.81.228.127/handle/20.500.12404/5040

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Desarrollo y comparación de diversos mapas de probabilidades en 3D del cáncer de próstata a partir de imágenes de histología
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013-12-04) Díaz Rojas, Kristians Edgardo; Castañeda Aphan, Benjamín
Understanding the spatial distribution of prostate cancer and how it changes according to prostate specific antigen (PSA) values, Gleason score, and other clinical parameters may help comprehend the disease and increase the overall success rate of biopsies. This work aims to build 3D spatial distributions of prostate cancer and examine the extent and location of cancer as a function of independent clinical parameters. The border of the gland and cancerous regions from whole-mount histopathological images are used to reconstruct 3D models showing the localization of tumor. This process utilizes color segmentation and interpolation based on mathematical morphological distance. 58 glands are deformed into one prostate atlas using a combination of rigid, a ne, and b-spline deformable registration techniques. Spatial distribution is developed by counting the number of occurrences in a given position in 3D space from each registered prostate cancer. Finally a di erence between proportions is used to compare di erent spatial distributions. Results show that prostate cancer has a significant di erence (SD) in the right zone of the prostate between populations with PSA greater and less than 5 ng=ml. Age does not have any impact in the spatial distribution of the disease. Positive and negative capsule-penetrated cases show a SD in the right posterior zone. There is SD in almost all the glands between cases with tumors larger and smaller than 10% of the whole prostate. A larger database is needed to improve the statistical validity of the test. Finally, information from whole-mount histopathological images could provide better insight into prostate cancer.
Evaluation of Elastographic techniques generated by means of external vibration
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017-12-01) Arroyo Barboza, Johnny Junior; Castañeda Aphan, Benjamín; Salcudean, Tim
Breast cancer is one of the greatest problems of national and international public health, whose incidence among women population shows an increasing trend. Nowadays there are several elastographic techniques, which seek to characterize the tissue, that is, to analyze the response produced by the application of a perturbation in the medium, to describe its mechanical properties. Among the modalities used are ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance and optical coherence tomography. On the other hand, among the types of disturbance used are low frequency mechanical waves, a uniform compression force or acoustic radiation force. In this thesis work, ultrasound was used due to its low economical cost in comparison to the other modalities. In addition, the type of perturbation selected was the external mechanical vibration, as it ensures the achievement of quantitative results, there is no risk of temperature rise in the analyzed area and allows the repeatability of the results obtained. Hence, two elastographic techniques were the axes of the present work: vibro-elastography and normal vibration holography. For the first, a calibrated phantom and a gelatin-based phantom were used, in order to characterize and validate the technique over a wide range of excitation frequencies. Posteriorly, 18 patients were analyzed prior biopsy exam, obtaining elastograms and contrasting them with the respective biopsy results. The results suggest that the technique is able to identify the presence of benign or malignant cancer, and the elasticity estimated agree with values reported in the literature. The second technique is proposed in the elastography field for the first time. Based on holography, its experimental scheme is established, and the mathematical expression for shear speed estimation is presented. Results from simulation and experiments performed on homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms are presented, and the estimates are compared with previously obtained reference values. The results suggest that the estimates are close to the reference values for all media tested, and the technique must be studied in depth to revert artifacts formation.