Insight, intervenciones verbales del terapeuta y síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en las primeras dieciséis sesiones de psicoterapia psicoanalítica
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Date
2025-04-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
Este estudio buscó examinar las características del intercambio terapéutico generador de
cambios en la capacidad del consultante para obtener insights (cognitivos y emocionales) y su
relación con los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos a lo largo de las primeras 16 sesiones de
psicoterapia psicoanalítica de duración abierta y frecuencia semanal. El intercambio verbal entre
terapeutas y consultantes es estudiado en el marco de las Investigaciones de Proceso de Cambio
examinando los “eventos significativos” (Greenberg, 1986) en los cuales se generaron insights
emocionales, así como el modo en que éstos se desenvolvieron a lo largo de 16 sesiones. Fueron
tres los casos estudiados utilizando un diseño explicativo secuencial (Hernández et al., 2014). Las
sesiones se grabaron y transcribieron. Se empleó la Lista de Chequeo de Hopkins (HSCL-25) para
evaluar síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y otras tres Listas de Chequeo para codificar los insights,
las intervenciones verbales del terapeuta y los indicadores de conflicto. Los resultados revelaron
una correlación negativa entre el incremento de insights cognitivos y la disminución de los
síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, así como una secuencia en los procesos de cambio en la
capacidad de los consultantes para obtener insights emocionales en los eventos significativos.
Como conclusión, se destaca la interrelación de procesos intrapsíquicos, intersubjetivos y de
búsqueda de sentido en el contexto de la relación terapéutica; esta interrelación sigue una secuencia
de fases - sincronía, elaboración y resolución - y promueve cambios en la capacidad del consultante
para profundizar en la comprensión de sí mismo, lo cual está relacionado con el alivio sintomático.
This study aims to examine the characteristics of therapeutic exchange that lead to changes in the client's capacity to gain insights (cognitive and emotional) and its relationship with anxious and depressive symptoms over the first 16 sessions of open-ended and weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The verbal exchange between therapists and clients is investigated within the framework of Process Research, focusing on "significant events" (Greenberg, 1986) in which emotional insights were generated and how they unfolded over 16 sessions. Three cases were studied using a sequential explanatory design (Hernandez et al., 2014). The sessions were recorded and transcribed. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) was used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, and three additional checklists were employed to code insights, therapist verbal interventions, and indicators of conflict. The results revealed a negative correlation between an increase in cognitive insights and a reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as a sequence in the processes of change in the consultant's capacity to gain emotional insights into significant events. In conclusion, the interrelation of intrapsychic, intersubjective, and sensemaking processes within the therapeutic relationship is emphasized; this interrelation follows a sequence of phases - synchrony, elaboration, and resolution - promoting changes in the consultant's capacity to deepen self-understanding, which is related to symptomatic relief.
This study aims to examine the characteristics of therapeutic exchange that lead to changes in the client's capacity to gain insights (cognitive and emotional) and its relationship with anxious and depressive symptoms over the first 16 sessions of open-ended and weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The verbal exchange between therapists and clients is investigated within the framework of Process Research, focusing on "significant events" (Greenberg, 1986) in which emotional insights were generated and how they unfolded over 16 sessions. Three cases were studied using a sequential explanatory design (Hernandez et al., 2014). The sessions were recorded and transcribed. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) was used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression, and three additional checklists were employed to code insights, therapist verbal interventions, and indicators of conflict. The results revealed a negative correlation between an increase in cognitive insights and a reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as a sequence in the processes of change in the consultant's capacity to gain emotional insights into significant events. In conclusion, the interrelation of intrapsychic, intersubjective, and sensemaking processes within the therapeutic relationship is emphasized; this interrelation follows a sequence of phases - synchrony, elaboration, and resolution - promoting changes in the consultant's capacity to deepen self-understanding, which is related to symptomatic relief.
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Keywords
Psicoterapia--Metodología, Ansiedad (Psicología)--Investigaciones, Depresión mental, Trastornos afectivos, Psicoanálisis