Non bis in ídem: análisis de la compatibilidad entre el artículo 85 de la Ley N.º 30057 y el artículo 46 de la Ley N.º 31288
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente estudia analiza la relación entre el artículo 85 de la Ley N.° 30057 y
el artículo 46 de la Ley N° 31288, tomando como base el principio non bis in
ídem. El problema surge porque ambos regímenes regulan supuestos que, en la
práctica, puedan recaer sobre el mismo hecho, generando el riesgo de que un
servidor sea sometido a más de procedimiento sancionador por una misma
conducta. Esta investigación se apoya en las normas constitucionales, las leyes
citadas y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y del Tribunal del Servicio
Civil, que han delimitado criterios para identificar la potestas punitiva de la
administración.
El estudio evidencia que el principio funciona como un límite esencial frente a la
duplicidad de sanciones, tanto en su dimensión procesal -impidiendo reabrir
investigaciones ya resueltas- como en su dimensión material, que evita castigos
múltiples sobre hechos equivalentes de forma sustancial. Sin embargo, el
artículo 85 de la Ley 30057 permite continuar procesos administrativos aun
cuando existe un proceso penal en curso, mientras que el artículo 46 de la Ley
31288 ordena suspender el trámite disciplinario judicial si ya hay intervención del
Poder Judicial. Esta falta de coherencia genera respuestas distintas ante
situaciones similares.
Como conclusión, la superposición de competencias y la amplitud de los tipos
infractores en ambas normas incrementan la posibilidad de vulnerar el non bis in
ídem. Se requiere, por tanto, una articulación normativa más clara que evite
sanciones paralelas y garantice un uso responsable y coordinado del poder
sancionador estatal.
This study analyzes the relationship between Article 85 of Law No. 30057 and Article 46 of Law No. 31288, based on the principle of double jeopardy (non bis in idem). The problem arises because both legal frameworks regulate situations that, in practice, can apply to the same act, creating the risk that a public servant may be subjected to more than one disciplinary proceeding for the same conduct. This research is supported by constitutional norms, the aforementioned laws, and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the Civil Service Tribunal, which have established criteria for identifying the administration's punitive power. The study demonstrates that the principle functions as an essential limit against double jeopardy, both in its procedural dimension—preventing the reopening of investigations that have already concluded—and in its substantive dimension, which prevents multiple punishments for substantially equivalent acts. However, Article 85 of Law 30057 allows administrative proceedings to continue even when criminal proceedings are underway, while Article 46 of Law 31288 mandates the suspension of judicial disciplinary proceedings if the Judiciary is already involved. This lack of coherence leads to different responses to similar situations. In conclusion, the overlapping jurisdictions and the broad range of offenses in both laws increase the likelihood of violating the principle of double jeopardy (non bis in idem). Therefore, clearer legal frameworks are needed to prevent parallel sanctions and ensure the responsible and coordinated use of the State's power to impose sanctions.
This study analyzes the relationship between Article 85 of Law No. 30057 and Article 46 of Law No. 31288, based on the principle of double jeopardy (non bis in idem). The problem arises because both legal frameworks regulate situations that, in practice, can apply to the same act, creating the risk that a public servant may be subjected to more than one disciplinary proceeding for the same conduct. This research is supported by constitutional norms, the aforementioned laws, and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the Civil Service Tribunal, which have established criteria for identifying the administration's punitive power. The study demonstrates that the principle functions as an essential limit against double jeopardy, both in its procedural dimension—preventing the reopening of investigations that have already concluded—and in its substantive dimension, which prevents multiple punishments for substantially equivalent acts. However, Article 85 of Law 30057 allows administrative proceedings to continue even when criminal proceedings are underway, while Article 46 of Law 31288 mandates the suspension of judicial disciplinary proceedings if the Judiciary is already involved. This lack of coherence leads to different responses to similar situations. In conclusion, the overlapping jurisdictions and the broad range of offenses in both laws increase the likelihood of violating the principle of double jeopardy (non bis in idem). Therefore, clearer legal frameworks are needed to prevent parallel sanctions and ensure the responsible and coordinated use of the State's power to impose sanctions.
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Perú. Contraloría General de la República, Derecho laboral--Perú, Derecho constitucional--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Perú, Funcionarios públicos--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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