Lineamientos de compliance en Organizaciones Sin Fines de Lucro
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
En el contexto actual de fortalecimiento institucional y lucha contra la corrupción,
los programas de cumplimiento normativo —o modelos de compliance— se han
convertido en herramientas indispensables para promover la transparencia, la
legalidad y la responsabilidad en todo tipo de organización. Aunque inicialmente
fueron concebidos para prevenir la responsabilidad penal de empresas privadas,
hoy en día se reconoce que su aplicación debe extenderse a otros sectores
institucionales, incluidas las organizaciones sin fines de lucro (OSFL), que si bien
no persiguen fines lucrativos, manejan recursos públicos y privados, ejecutan
programas sensibles y tienen influencia significativa en el desarrollo social.
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la viabilidad y necesidad de
implementar programas de cumplimiento en las OSFL del Perú, con especial
atención a sus características estructurales, riesgos operativos y contexto
normativo. A lo largo de tres capítulos, se abordan: (i) los fundamentos del
cumplimiento normativo y su marco legal; (ii) las características, tipos y riesgos
específicos de las OSFL; y (iii) una propuesta de lineamientos adaptados a su
realidad, basada en estándares internacionales y buenas prácticas como las
recomendadas por el GAFI y consultoras como KPMG.
Esta investigación busca demostrar que las OSFL no solo pueden implementar
modelos de cumplimiento, sino que deben hacerlo como mecanismo para
preservar su legitimidad, prevenir irregularidades y fortalecer su sostenibilidad.
En un escenario donde la confianza pública es un activo fundamental, el
compliance se convierte en un compromiso ético y estratégico indispensable
para estas entidades.
In the current context of institutional strengthening and the fight against corruption, compliance programs—or compliance models—have become essential tools for promoting transparency, legality, and accountability across all types of organizations. Although they were initially designed to prevent criminal liability in private companies, it is now widely recognized that their application must extend to other institutional sectors, including non-profit organizations (NPOs). While NPOs do not pursue profit, they manage public and private funds, implement sensitive programs, and have significant influence in social development. This study aims to analyze the feasibility and necessity of implementing compliance programs within Peruvian NPOs, with special emphasis on their structural characteristics, operational risks, and regulatory context. Throughout three chapters, the research addresses: (i) the foundations of compliance and its legal framework; (ii) the characteristics, types, and specific risks of NPOs; and (iii) a proposed set of guidelines tailored to their context, based on international standards and best practices, such as those recommended by the FATF and consulting firms like KPMG. This research seeks to demonstrate that NPOs not only can implement compliance models but should do so as a mechanism to preserve their legitimacy, prevent irregularities, and strengthen their long-term sustainability. In a setting where public trust is a critical asset, compliance becomes an ethical and strategic commitment that is indispensable for these entities.
In the current context of institutional strengthening and the fight against corruption, compliance programs—or compliance models—have become essential tools for promoting transparency, legality, and accountability across all types of organizations. Although they were initially designed to prevent criminal liability in private companies, it is now widely recognized that their application must extend to other institutional sectors, including non-profit organizations (NPOs). While NPOs do not pursue profit, they manage public and private funds, implement sensitive programs, and have significant influence in social development. This study aims to analyze the feasibility and necessity of implementing compliance programs within Peruvian NPOs, with special emphasis on their structural characteristics, operational risks, and regulatory context. Throughout three chapters, the research addresses: (i) the foundations of compliance and its legal framework; (ii) the characteristics, types, and specific risks of NPOs; and (iii) a proposed set of guidelines tailored to their context, based on international standards and best practices, such as those recommended by the FATF and consulting firms like KPMG. This research seeks to demonstrate that NPOs not only can implement compliance models but should do so as a mechanism to preserve their legitimacy, prevent irregularities, and strengthen their long-term sustainability. In a setting where public trust is a critical asset, compliance becomes an ethical and strategic commitment that is indispensable for these entities.
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Organizaciones no lucrativas, Planificación estratégica--Perú, Responsabilidad penal, Derecho penal--Legislación--Perú, Riesgo (Derecho)--Legislación--Perú