Turismo, desarrollo local y brecha de género: el caso del Corredor Turístico Preferencial Cusco - Machu Picchu – Cusco
Date
2021-04-12
Journal Title
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En los últimos años, el turismo ha sido uno de los sectores que más ha
crecido en el mundo. Esto ha conllevado a un fuerte interés en realizar estudios
empíricos para evaluar su impacto en el crecimiento económico. Sin embargo,
son pocas las investigaciones que han estudiado el impacto de este sector a
nivel local. Más aún, en el caso de Perú, no existen estudios sobre el tema. En
este sentido, esta investigación aporta a la literatura proporcionando evidencia
empírica del impacto local del desarrollo de este sector, diferenciado por género,
sobre el nivel de ingresos y gastos, además de la pobreza monetaria para la
región de Cusco durante el periodo 2011-2019. Así, para estimar los efectos
causales de las variables de interés, se utiliza un modelo de diferencias en
diferencias, explotando la variación temporal y espacial de los datos. Además,
con respecto a la base de datos, se emplea la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares
(ENAHO) georreferenciada para el período de estudio y la georreferenciación del
corredor turístico preferencial Cusco Machu Picchu Cusco. De esta manera,
los resultados obtenidos muestran que el impulso del turismo favorece más a los
hombres que a las mujeres en la generación ingresos. Así mismo, no se
encuentra evidencia con respecto a la reducción de la pobreza monetaria. En
este sentido, se plantea la necesidad de desarrollar políticas públicas más
inclusivas y orientadas a enfrentar las brechas de género resultantes de la
actividad turística.
In recent years, tourism has been one of the fastest growing sectors in the world. This has led to a strong interest in conducting empirical studies to evaluate its impact on economic growth. However, few studies have studied the impact of this sector at the local level. Furthermore, in the case of Peru, there are no studies on the subject. In this sense, this research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the local impact of the development of this sector, differentiated by gender, on the level of income and expenses and monetary poverty for the Cusco region during the period 2011-2019. Thus, to estimate the causal effects of the variables of interest, a difference-in-differences model is used, exploiting the temporal and spatial variation of the data. In addition, with respect to the database, the georeferenced National Household Survey (ENAHO) is used for the study period and the georeferencing of the preferential tourist corridor Cusco Machu Picchu Cusco. In this way, the results obtained show that the boost from tourism favors men more than women in generating income. Likewise, there is no evidence regarding the reduction of monetary poverty. In this sense, there is the need to develop more inclusive public policies aimed at addressing the gender gaps resulting from tourism.
In recent years, tourism has been one of the fastest growing sectors in the world. This has led to a strong interest in conducting empirical studies to evaluate its impact on economic growth. However, few studies have studied the impact of this sector at the local level. Furthermore, in the case of Peru, there are no studies on the subject. In this sense, this research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the local impact of the development of this sector, differentiated by gender, on the level of income and expenses and monetary poverty for the Cusco region during the period 2011-2019. Thus, to estimate the causal effects of the variables of interest, a difference-in-differences model is used, exploiting the temporal and spatial variation of the data. In addition, with respect to the database, the georeferenced National Household Survey (ENAHO) is used for the study period and the georeferencing of the preferential tourist corridor Cusco Machu Picchu Cusco. In this way, the results obtained show that the boost from tourism favors men more than women in generating income. Likewise, there is no evidence regarding the reduction of monetary poverty. In this sense, there is the need to develop more inclusive public policies aimed at addressing the gender gaps resulting from tourism.
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Keywords
Turismo--Perú--Cuzco, Turismo--Política gubernamental--Perú--Cuzco, Desarrollo local--Perú--Cuzco, Género--Aspectos económicos--Perú--Cuzco
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