Estudio de las condiciones de sobreirradiancia: su impacto en la distribución espectral en distintas latitudes y su relación con la profundidad óptica de las nubes
Date
2024-11-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los eventos de sobreirradiancia y sobreirradiancia-extrema recientemente han llamado
la atención de la comunidad fotovoltaica puesto que, si los inversores no han sido
dimensionados adecuadamente, se pueden sobrecargar y afectar el funcionamiento de
los sistemas de protección instalados en plantas de generación fotovoltaica,
ocasionando daños potenciales y pérdidas económicas. Para comprender el mecanismo
de los eventos de sobreirradiancia se han aplicado modelos de simulación sin mucho
éxito, pues sus estimaciones difieren significativamente de los datos experimentales.
Pese a que estos eventos fueron registrados hace más de medio siglo, aún falta entender
las condiciones para que se produzcan. Existen dos hipótesis: la primera afirma que
estos se producen por reflexión en los bordes y lados de las nubes gruesas
fragmentadas, y la segunda indica que se deben a una fuerte dispersión de Mie hacia
adelante en nubes delgadas. Este trabajo pone a prueba tales hipótesis usando datos de
irradiancia espectral de espectrorradiómetros y datos satelitales de la profundidad
óptica de las nubes. Se demuestra que el impacto de los eventos de sobreirradiancia
sobre la distribución espectral produce un corrimiento al rojo, que el mayor incremento
de la irradiancia se da en la región del infrarrojo, y se determina que nubes gruesas
fragmentadas están presentes durante estos eventos. Esto nos lleva a concluir que, la
presencia de nubes gruesas fragmentadas son condiciones favorables para los eventos
de sobreirradiancia, y que se deberían a la reflexión en los bordes y los lados de estas
nubes. Además, el incremento de la irradiancia global se debe al incremento de la
componente directa. Finalmente, considerar el impacto de los eventos de
sobreirradiancia en la distribución espectral podría ayudar a mejorar los modelos
actuales de simulación.
Overirradiance and extreme overirradiance events have recently attracted the attention of the photovoltaic community since, if the inverters have not been properly sized, they can be overloaded and affect the operation of the protection systems installed in photovoltaic generation plants, causing potential damage and economic losses. Simulation models have been applied with little success in understanding the mechanism of overirradiance events since their estimates differ significantly from experimental data. Although these events were recorded more than half a century ago, the conditions for their occurrence still need to be understood. There are two hypotheses: the first states that these are produced by reflection at the edges and sides of thick fragmented clouds, and the second indicates that they are due to strong forward Mie scattering in thin clouds. This work tests such hypotheses using spectral irradiance data from spectroradiometers and satellite data of cloud optical depth. It is demonstrated that the impact of overirradiance events on the spectral distribution produces a red-shift, that the most significant increase in irradiance occurs in the infrared region, and it is determined that thick fragmented clouds are present during these events. It leads us to conclude that thick fragmented clouds are favorable conditions for overirradiance events and that they are due to reflection at the edges and sides of these clouds. Furthermore, the increase in global irradiance is due to the increase in the direct component. Finally, considering the impact of overirradiance events on the spectral distribution could help improve current simulation models.
Overirradiance and extreme overirradiance events have recently attracted the attention of the photovoltaic community since, if the inverters have not been properly sized, they can be overloaded and affect the operation of the protection systems installed in photovoltaic generation plants, causing potential damage and economic losses. Simulation models have been applied with little success in understanding the mechanism of overirradiance events since their estimates differ significantly from experimental data. Although these events were recorded more than half a century ago, the conditions for their occurrence still need to be understood. There are two hypotheses: the first states that these are produced by reflection at the edges and sides of thick fragmented clouds, and the second indicates that they are due to strong forward Mie scattering in thin clouds. This work tests such hypotheses using spectral irradiance data from spectroradiometers and satellite data of cloud optical depth. It is demonstrated that the impact of overirradiance events on the spectral distribution produces a red-shift, that the most significant increase in irradiance occurs in the infrared region, and it is determined that thick fragmented clouds are present during these events. It leads us to conclude that thick fragmented clouds are favorable conditions for overirradiance events and that they are due to reflection at the edges and sides of these clouds. Furthermore, the increase in global irradiance is due to the increase in the direct component. Finally, considering the impact of overirradiance events on the spectral distribution could help improve current simulation models.
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Keywords
Radiación solar--Medición, Irradiancia espectral, Espectro solar, Nubes
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