La potestad punitiva del Estado y su relación con la presunción de inocencia y el derecho al doble conforme en la condena del absuelto
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
La problemática de la condena del absuelto en el derecho penal peruano refleja
una tensión constante entre la potestad punitiva del Estado y los derechos
constitucionales del acusado. La normativa procesal peruana, en particular el
artículo 425.3.b del Código Procesal Penal, permite que un tribunal de apelación
revoque una sentencia absolutoria y dicte una condena, generando un debate
sobre la posible vulneración de estos derechos. Si bien la Ley N° 31592 intenta
subsanar parte de esta vulneración al otorgar la posibilidad de recurrir ante la
Corte Suprema, subsisten dudas sobre si este mecanismo garantiza plenamente
las garantías procesales del imputado.
Los fundamentos de las casaciones N° 1897-2017 y N° 530-2020, evidencian
cómo la condena del absuelto puede implicar un nuevo juzgamiento por el mismo
delito, validando la legitimidad de la actuación del tribunal de apelación, cuando
existen serios cuestionamientos al tratamiento del principio de presunción de
inocencia y el derecho a la doble instancia y recurso amplio.
Por tanto, los fundamentos de las casaciones y la normativa vigente subrayan la
necesidad de mecanismos que limiten el poder sancionador del Estado y
protejan los derechos del procesado. En última instancia, esta tensión resalta la
importancia de continuar ajustando el marco legal y jurisprudencial para
encontrar un equilibrio entre la potestad punitiva del Estado y las garantías
procesales.
The problem of sentencing the acquitted in Peruvian criminal law reflects a constant tension between the punitive power of the State and the fundamental rights of the accused, such as the right to double consent. Peruvian procedural regulations, in particular article 425.3.b of the Criminal Procedure Code, allow an appeal court to revoke an acquittal and issue a sentence, generating a debate about the possible violation of these rights. Although Law No. 31592 attempts to remedy part of this violation by granting the possibility of appealing to the Supreme Court, doubts remain as to whether this mechanism fully guarantees the procedural guarantees of the accused. The grounds of cassations No. 1897-2017 and No. 530-2020 show how the conviction of the acquitted person can imply a new trial for the same crime, validating the legitimacy of the actions of the court of appeal, when there are serious questions about the treatment. of the principle of presumption of innocence and the right to double appeal and broad appeal. Therefore, the foundations of the cassations and the current regulations highlight the need for mechanisms that limit the sanctioning power of the State and protect the rights of the accused. Ultimately, this tension highlights the importance of continuing to adjust the legal and jurisprudential framework to find a balance between the punitive power of the State and procedural guarantees.
The problem of sentencing the acquitted in Peruvian criminal law reflects a constant tension between the punitive power of the State and the fundamental rights of the accused, such as the right to double consent. Peruvian procedural regulations, in particular article 425.3.b of the Criminal Procedure Code, allow an appeal court to revoke an acquittal and issue a sentence, generating a debate about the possible violation of these rights. Although Law No. 31592 attempts to remedy part of this violation by granting the possibility of appealing to the Supreme Court, doubts remain as to whether this mechanism fully guarantees the procedural guarantees of the accused. The grounds of cassations No. 1897-2017 and No. 530-2020 show how the conviction of the acquitted person can imply a new trial for the same crime, validating the legitimacy of the actions of the court of appeal, when there are serious questions about the treatment. of the principle of presumption of innocence and the right to double appeal and broad appeal. Therefore, the foundations of the cassations and the current regulations highlight the need for mechanisms that limit the sanctioning power of the State and protect the rights of the accused. Ultimately, this tension highlights the importance of continuing to adjust the legal and jurisprudential framework to find a balance between the punitive power of the State and procedural guarantees.
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Absolución (Derecho penal)--Perú, Sentencias penales--Perú, Estado, Derecho constitucional--Perú
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