Estudio de caso de un niño de 4 años 4 meses con dificultades en los componentes léxico semántico, morfosintáctico y fonético fonológico
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Date
2022-06-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El lenguaje es una capacidad humana que permite la comunicación con el entorno, estructurar y regular
la personalidad y el comportamiento social. Los niños desarrollan esta capacidad en el tiempo esperado,
de acuerdo a las pautas evolutivas, tanto en los procesos comprensivo y expresivo, así como en cada
uno de sus componentes. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, algunos niños presentan dificultades en la
adquisición y desarrollo del lenguaje, convirtiéndose ello en un factor desfavorable en su capacidad de
aprendizaje.
El objetivo del estudio de caso es identificar y diseñar un plan de valoración e intervención que ayude a
fortalecer las dificultades de un niño de 4 años 4 meses, en los componentes léxico semántico,
morfosintáctico y fonético fonológico, en los procesos comprensivo y expresivo del lenguaje. Las sesiones
virtuales sincrónicas de intervención se desarrollan considerando los componentes anteriormente
mencionados. En estas se aplican actividades lúdicas y dirigidas, con uso de material concreto y digital.
Los resultados evidencian un incremento del vocabulario comprensivo y expresivo de las categorías
semánticas programadas, así como también un progreso en las asociaciones por categoría. Asimismo, se
observaron avances en la identificación y verbalización de oraciones simples bajo la secuencia artículo –
sujeto – verbo - objeto, adquisición del fonema consonántico /s/ y disminución en el proceso fonológico de
sustitución /s/ por /ch/. Se concluye que el plan de intervención aplicado permite al niño mejorar en los
componentes abordados, favoreciendo la interacción con su entorno familiar, social y escolar.
Language is a human capacity that allows communication with the environment, structure and regulate personality and social behavior. Children develop this capacity in the expected time, according to evolutionary guidelines, both in the comprehensive and expressive processes, as well as in each of its components. However, at present, some children present difficulties in the acquisition and development of language, becoming this an unfavorable factor in their learning capacity. The objective of the case study is to identify and design an assessment and intervention plan that helps to strengthen the difficulties of a child of 4 years 4 months, in the lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic and phonetic-phonological components, in the comprehensive and expressive processes of language. The virtual synchronous intervention sessions are developed considering the aforementioned components. In these, are applied playful and directed activities, with the use of concrete and digital material. The results show an increase in the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary of the programmed semantic categories, as well as a progress in the associations by category. In addition, advances were observed in the identification and verbalization of simple sentences under the sequence article - subject - verb - object, the acquisition of the consonantal phoneme /s/ and decrease in the phonological process of substitution /s/ by /ch/. It is concluded that the applied intervention plan allows the child to improve in the components approached, favoring interaction with their family, social and school environment.
Language is a human capacity that allows communication with the environment, structure and regulate personality and social behavior. Children develop this capacity in the expected time, according to evolutionary guidelines, both in the comprehensive and expressive processes, as well as in each of its components. However, at present, some children present difficulties in the acquisition and development of language, becoming this an unfavorable factor in their learning capacity. The objective of the case study is to identify and design an assessment and intervention plan that helps to strengthen the difficulties of a child of 4 years 4 months, in the lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic and phonetic-phonological components, in the comprehensive and expressive processes of language. The virtual synchronous intervention sessions are developed considering the aforementioned components. In these, are applied playful and directed activities, with the use of concrete and digital material. The results show an increase in the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary of the programmed semantic categories, as well as a progress in the associations by category. In addition, advances were observed in the identification and verbalization of simple sentences under the sequence article - subject - verb - object, the acquisition of the consonantal phoneme /s/ and decrease in the phonological process of substitution /s/ by /ch/. It is concluded that the applied intervention plan allows the child to improve in the components approached, favoring interaction with their family, social and school environment.
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Keywords
Niños--Lenguaje--Estudio de casos, Adquisición del lenguaje, Trastornos del aprendizaje en niños (Educación)--Tratamiento