Riesgo radiológico debido a la radiactividad natural y exhalación de radón de suelos y materiales de construcción peruanos
Date
2023-07-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La exposición al Radón es una preocupación importante debido a su papel en el aumento del riesgo de cáncer de pulmón. Para evaluar el riesgo de exposición, es necesario realizar mediciones de Radón en el aire interior de los hogares, y tener caracterizado el riesgo radiológico debido a los materiales de construcción y tomar medidas de prevención si es necesario. La exhalación de Radón en materiales de construcción se midió empleando el método de acumulación en una cámara cerrada durante un período de 24 horas para muestra disgregada o pulverizada y de 28 días para material compacto. La concentración de Radón en la cámara se mide regularmente durante este período y se utiliza para calcular la tasa de exhalación en masa y en superficie respectivamente. En el caso de suelos, el riesgo radiológico está asociado con la permeabilidad la concentración de Radón en el suelo. La medición de estos parámetros permitió determinar el potencial geogénico de Radón. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la exhalación de 222Rn en materiales de construcción y suelos puede variar significativamente. En materiales de construcción, se encontró una tasa de exhalación promedio de 14.01 ± 1.04 mBq kg−1 h −1 , con un rango de [4.50 ± 0.42] a [22.34 ± 1.30] mBq kg−1 h −1 . Además, se encontró una buena correlación entre la concentración total de Radio en los materiales de construcción y la tasa de exhalación de Radón, con un coeficiente de correlación R2 de 0.88. Los dos tipos de ladrillo mostraron las tasas de exhalación más altas, posiblemente debido a la cercanía de la zona de extracción de materia prima para su elaboración con regiones con una alta probabilidad de presentar uranio. Por otro lado, las muestras de yeso no mostraron exhalación significativa de 222Rn, lo que concuerda con la cantidad de Radio en estas muestras. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos de índices radiológicos de todos los tipos de muestras son importantes ya que demuestran que los materiales de construcción estudiados no representan un riesgo para la salud al usarlos en la construcción de viviendas.
Radon exposure is a major concern due to its role in increasing the risk of lung cancer. To assess radiation exposure risks, measuring radon levels indoor air and characterizing the radiological hazard due to building materials is necessary. The radon exhalation rate in building materials was measured by closed-chamber accumulation over 24 h for dissociated or pulverized samples and 28 days for compacted materials. The Radon concentration in the chamber is measured regularly during this period and is used to calculate the Radon mass exhalation rate and Radon surface exhalation rate, respectively. In the case of soils, the radiological risk is associated with the geogenic potential of Radon. This parameter is obtained from the permeability and the concentration of Radon in the ground. The results of this study show that the radon exhalation rate in building materials and soils can vary significantly. In building materials, an average exhalation rate of 14.01 ± 1.04 mBq kg−1h −1 was found, with a range of [4.50 ± 0.42] to [22.34 ± 1.30] mBq kg−1 h −1 . In addition, a good correlation was found between the total Radium concentration in building materials and the Radon exhalation rate, with a correlation coefficient (R2 0.88). The radon exhalation rate in bricks is higher than in other samples. It can be because the area of raw material extraction for the elaboration of bricks is the closest to the uranium-producing possible regions. Gypsum samples did not show significant radon exhalation, which is consistent with the amount of radium in these samples. Finally, the results obtained for radiological indexes (Radium equivalent Raeq, Gamma index Iγ, and External hazard Hex) all types of samples are suitable for use as building materials because they present a low activity concentration.
Radon exposure is a major concern due to its role in increasing the risk of lung cancer. To assess radiation exposure risks, measuring radon levels indoor air and characterizing the radiological hazard due to building materials is necessary. The radon exhalation rate in building materials was measured by closed-chamber accumulation over 24 h for dissociated or pulverized samples and 28 days for compacted materials. The Radon concentration in the chamber is measured regularly during this period and is used to calculate the Radon mass exhalation rate and Radon surface exhalation rate, respectively. In the case of soils, the radiological risk is associated with the geogenic potential of Radon. This parameter is obtained from the permeability and the concentration of Radon in the ground. The results of this study show that the radon exhalation rate in building materials and soils can vary significantly. In building materials, an average exhalation rate of 14.01 ± 1.04 mBq kg−1h −1 was found, with a range of [4.50 ± 0.42] to [22.34 ± 1.30] mBq kg−1 h −1 . In addition, a good correlation was found between the total Radium concentration in building materials and the Radon exhalation rate, with a correlation coefficient (R2 0.88). The radon exhalation rate in bricks is higher than in other samples. It can be because the area of raw material extraction for the elaboration of bricks is the closest to the uranium-producing possible regions. Gypsum samples did not show significant radon exhalation, which is consistent with the amount of radium in these samples. Finally, the results obtained for radiological indexes (Radium equivalent Raeq, Gamma index Iγ, and External hazard Hex) all types of samples are suitable for use as building materials because they present a low activity concentration.
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Radón--Mediciones--Perú, Radioactividad--Perú, Materiales de construcción--Análisis, Contaminación ambiental--Perú
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