Ideología conservadora, sexismo ambivalente y creencias sobre el acoso sexual callejero en adultos de Lima Metropolitana
Date
2020-11-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación buscó explorar la relación entre la ideología política conservadora,
el sexismo ambivalente y las creencias y/o actitudes sobre el acoso sexual callejero (ASC) en
una muestra de residentes de Lima Metropolitana mayores de 18 años. Y, adicionalmente,
explorar las diferencias por sexo en las creencias sobre el ASC. Se contó con 140
participantes, 58 mujeres (41.43%) y 82 hombres (58.57%). Para medir las creencias y
actitudes sobre el ASC, se elaboró el Cuestionario sobre Acoso Sexual Callejero (CASC),
cuya versión final se constituyó de 12 ítems distribuidos en tres factores: detección de
conductas de acoso, acoso como violencia y minimización del acoso. Los resultados
revelaron que, principalmente, el SDO y el sexismo hostil se relacionaban negativamente con
la detección de conductas y el reconocimiento del acoso como violencia, mientras que
mantenían una relación positiva con la minimización del acoso. Además, el análisis de
senderos mostró que el SDO sería el principal predictor de las creencias sobre el acoso
callejero ya que actuaba directamente e indirectamente, gracias a la mediación del sexismo
hostil. Finalmente, en la comparación por sexo, se obtuvo que los hombres puntuaron
significativamente más alto en la minimización del acoso y en los otros dos factores fueron
las mujeres quienes obtuvieron puntajes significativamente mayores.
The present investigation aimed to explore the relationship between conservative political ideology, ambivalent sexism and beliefs and/or attitudes about street sexual harassment (ASC) in a sample of residents of Metropolitan Lima over 18 years. Additionally, it aimed to explore differences by sex in beliefs about ASC. There were 140 participants, 58 women (41.43%) and 82 men (58.57%). To measure the beliefs and attitudes about the ASC, the Questionnaire on Street Sexual Harassment (CASC) was elaborated and its final version consisted of 12 items distributed in three factors: detection of harassment behaviors, harassment such as violence and minimization of harassment. The results revealed that, mainly, the SDO and hostile sexism were negatively related to the detection of behaviors and the recognition of harassment as violence, while maintaining a positive relationship with the minimization of harassment. In addition, the path analysis showed that the SDO would be the main predictor of beliefs about street harassment since it acted directly and indirectly, thanks to the mediation of hostile sexism. Finally, in the comparison by sex, it was obtained that men scored significantly higher in minimizing harassment and in the other two factors it was women who obtained significantly higher scores.
The present investigation aimed to explore the relationship between conservative political ideology, ambivalent sexism and beliefs and/or attitudes about street sexual harassment (ASC) in a sample of residents of Metropolitan Lima over 18 years. Additionally, it aimed to explore differences by sex in beliefs about ASC. There were 140 participants, 58 women (41.43%) and 82 men (58.57%). To measure the beliefs and attitudes about the ASC, the Questionnaire on Street Sexual Harassment (CASC) was elaborated and its final version consisted of 12 items distributed in three factors: detection of harassment behaviors, harassment such as violence and minimization of harassment. The results revealed that, mainly, the SDO and hostile sexism were negatively related to the detection of behaviors and the recognition of harassment as violence, while maintaining a positive relationship with the minimization of harassment. In addition, the path analysis showed that the SDO would be the main predictor of beliefs about street harassment since it acted directly and indirectly, thanks to the mediation of hostile sexism. Finally, in the comparison by sex, it was obtained that men scored significantly higher in minimizing harassment and in the other two factors it was women who obtained significantly higher scores.
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Keywords
Acoso sexual--Perú--Lima, Sexismo, Ideología política, Violencia contra la mujer, Dominación masculina (Estructura social), Autoritarismo
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