Empoderamiento Popular: Identidad social positiva en la teatralidad de los cómicos ambulantes
Date
2023-11-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se analizó el modo en que el personaje del “cholo” dentro de la teatralidad
de los cómicos ambulantes sirvió como herramienta de construcción de una identidad social
positiva en la década de los 80´s en Lima - Perú. Para esto analizamos cómo la palabra “cholo”
era utilizada con una carga racista muy grande, hecho que mellaba a los grupos sociales que se
encontraban identificados dentro del contexto de esta palabra, así como la forma como la
migración peruana en la década de los años 80 fomentó la creación de grupos humorísticos
callejeros llamados “los cómicos ambulantes”, quienes lograron crear un personaje, a veces
llamado “el cholo vivo”, haciendo alusión a la “viveza” o “rapidez mental” que ponía de
manifiesto, que contraponía estos estigmas racistas antes mencionados.
Es importante destacar que todo el desarrollo del trabajo se planteó a partir de la Psicología social
y la Teoría de la Identidad social; del cambio entre la identidad social negativa, término vinculado
al racismo y el estigma dentro de la palabra “cholo”, y a una identidad social positiva, término
vinculado al empoderamiento y cambio de perspectiva frente a la palabra “cholo”, por medio de
la herramienta social de la “creatividad social”, término que funciona como herramienta de
inclusión para poblaciones racializadas .
In the present work, we have analyzed the way in which the character of the “cholo”, from the theatricality of “street comedians”, worked as a tool for the construction of a positive social identity in the decade of the 80’s in Lima-Perú. To this purpose, we analyzed how the word “cholo” carried a very racist usage at the time, which harmed the social groups that felt identified inside the parameters of this word, as well as the way in which the peruvian emigration in the decade of the 80’s pushed the creation of humoristic groups on the streets of Lima called “street comedians”, groups which, using elements from theatre, developed the creation of a character, sometimes called “el cholo vivo”, whose name alludes to the “speed of mind” and “shrewd” that the character manifested, and opposed by these means the racist stigma that had been linked to the word “cholo” in previous decades. It is important to clarify that all of the development seen in the present work was laid out based on the study of social psychology and the social identity theory, analyzing the change from negative social identity, a term linked to racism and the stigma that encompasses the word "cholo", to positive social identity, which is related to the empowerment and change of perspective regarding the word. Said change is accomplished using the social tool of “social creativity”, which works as a tool of social inclusion for racialized groups.
In the present work, we have analyzed the way in which the character of the “cholo”, from the theatricality of “street comedians”, worked as a tool for the construction of a positive social identity in the decade of the 80’s in Lima-Perú. To this purpose, we analyzed how the word “cholo” carried a very racist usage at the time, which harmed the social groups that felt identified inside the parameters of this word, as well as the way in which the peruvian emigration in the decade of the 80’s pushed the creation of humoristic groups on the streets of Lima called “street comedians”, groups which, using elements from theatre, developed the creation of a character, sometimes called “el cholo vivo”, whose name alludes to the “speed of mind” and “shrewd” that the character manifested, and opposed by these means the racist stigma that had been linked to the word “cholo” in previous decades. It is important to clarify that all of the development seen in the present work was laid out based on the study of social psychology and the social identity theory, analyzing the change from negative social identity, a term linked to racism and the stigma that encompasses the word "cholo", to positive social identity, which is related to the empowerment and change of perspective regarding the word. Said change is accomplished using the social tool of “social creativity”, which works as a tool of social inclusion for racialized groups.
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Keywords
Cultura popular--Perú, Humorismo--Perú--Lima, Teatro popular peruano--Aspectos sociales, Identidad social--Perú--Lima
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