Mates burilados y modernización capitalista en el Perú: trayectorias históricas de una forma campesina
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Date
2025-04-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
Combinando una perspectiva histórica y etnográfica, esta tesis rastrea el origen
y desarrollo de los mates burilados de la comunidad de Cochas (Huancayo)
desde fines del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. En términos teóricos, se plantea
enfocar el estudio desde la Teoría Social de la Plástica desarrollada en América
Latina entre los años 70 y 80, que combina el análisis de las determinaciones
socioeconómicas del burilado de mates con sus aspectos ideológicos,
atendiendo tanto a sus formas de producción, distribución y consumo como a las
representaciones que dichos objetos cargan consigo en su existencia social. A
nivel metodológico, la investigación combina estrategias etnográficas con una
revisión sistemática de colecciones de mates burilados y archivos institucionales
y familiares. El estudio ofrece una reconstrucción del surgimiento de los mates
de Cochas como parte de las transformaciones del burilado de mates de la
temprana República, que luego arraiga entre el campesinado cochasino a inicios
del siglo XX y, posteriormente, se despliega en dos direcciones diferenciadas:
por un lado, aquella producción orientada hacia el universo del "arte popular"
definido por intelectuales capitalinos vinculados al campo artístico; por otro lado,
una producción orientada hacia el mercado artesanal, sobre todo de exportación,
que se potenciará desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en el contexto del
desarrollismo. Tras reconocer aquella bifurcación, se analizan las trayectorias
paralelas de ambos productos durante el período 1960-1980. Finalmente,
empleando el recurso del mate autobiográfico, se discuten los procesos
históricos antes desarrollados a partir de las perspectivas de algunos buriladores
actuales, quienes combinan sus reflexiones individuales con una reconstrucción
de sus trayectorias familiares.
Combining a historical and ethnographic perspective, this thesis traces the origin and development of the mates burilados of the community of Cochas (Huancayo) from the late nineteenth century to the present. As for the theoretical approach, the study is based on the Social Theory of Art developed in Latin America between the 1970s and 1980s, which combines the analysis of the socioeconomic determinations of mates burilados with their ideological aspects, taking into account their forms of production, distribution and consumption as well as the representations that these objects carry with them in their social existence. At the methodological level, the research combines ethnographic strategies with a systematic review of collections of carved gourds and institutional and family archives. The study offers a reconstruction of the emergence of Cochas gourds as part of the transformations of gourd carving in the early Republic, which then took root among the Cochasino peasantry at the beginning of the twentieth century and, subsequently, unfolded in two different directions: on the one hand, a production oriented towards the universe of “popular art” defined by intellectuals from the capital linked to the artistic field; on the other hand, a production oriented towards the handicraft market, especially for exportation, which will be strengthened since the second half of the 20th century, in the context of desarrollismo. After recognizing that bifurcation, the parallel trajectories of both products during the period 1960-1980 are analyzed. Finally, using the resource of the autobiographical mate, the historical processes developed above are discussed from the perspectives of some present-day engravers, who combine their individual reflections with a reconstruction of their family trajectories.
Combining a historical and ethnographic perspective, this thesis traces the origin and development of the mates burilados of the community of Cochas (Huancayo) from the late nineteenth century to the present. As for the theoretical approach, the study is based on the Social Theory of Art developed in Latin America between the 1970s and 1980s, which combines the analysis of the socioeconomic determinations of mates burilados with their ideological aspects, taking into account their forms of production, distribution and consumption as well as the representations that these objects carry with them in their social existence. At the methodological level, the research combines ethnographic strategies with a systematic review of collections of carved gourds and institutional and family archives. The study offers a reconstruction of the emergence of Cochas gourds as part of the transformations of gourd carving in the early Republic, which then took root among the Cochasino peasantry at the beginning of the twentieth century and, subsequently, unfolded in two different directions: on the one hand, a production oriented towards the universe of “popular art” defined by intellectuals from the capital linked to the artistic field; on the other hand, a production oriented towards the handicraft market, especially for exportation, which will be strengthened since the second half of the 20th century, in the context of desarrollismo. After recognizing that bifurcation, the parallel trajectories of both products during the period 1960-1980 are analyzed. Finally, using the resource of the autobiographical mate, the historical processes developed above are discussed from the perspectives of some present-day engravers, who combine their individual reflections with a reconstruction of their family trajectories.
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Keywords
Mates (Artesanía)--Aspectos antropológicos--Perú--Huancayo (Junín : Provincia), Mates (Artesanía)--Perú--Huancayo (Junín : Provincia)--Historia, Arte popular--Perú--Huancayo (Junín : Provincia), Capitalismo--Perú--Huancayo (Junín : Provincia), Campesinos--Perú--Huancayo (Junín : Provincia)