La responsabilidad penal por omisión impropia en el delito de colusión: análisis de su compatibilidad con las modalidades simple y agravada
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente trabajo aborda la viabilidad de imputar el delito de colusión mediante
la figura de la omisión impropia en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano. El problema
principal radica en determinar si la estructura típica de las modalidades simple y
agravada previstas en el artículo 384 del Código Penal admite una imputación
de responsabilidad penal por conductas omisivas. El análisis parte de la revisión
de la evolución legislativa del artículo 384 del Código Penal. Asimismo, respecto
de cada modalidad, examina los bienes jurídicos protegidos, sus elementos
típicos, su naturaleza jurídica y los momentos de consumación y tentativa.
Posteriormente, aborda la omisión impropia desde su fundamento normativo y
conceptualización, el deber de garante y los elementos dogmáticos copulativos
de esta institución. Finalmente, revisa los antecedentes jurisprudenciales y el
debate doctrinal en torno a esta problemática, para concluir con un análisis
aplicado de la viabilidad de imputar este delito mediante omisión impropia en
ambas modalidades. Las principales conclusiones establecen que la omisión
impropia resulta incompatible con la colusión simple, al tratarse de un delito de
mera actividad y peligro abstracto que se consuma con la sola concertación. Lo
señalado excluye cualquier momento previo que posibilite una intervención por
parte del garante. Por el contrario, en la colusión agravada –que exige un
perjuicio patrimonial–, sí es posible la imputación por omisión impropia cuando
el funcionario o servidor público, teniendo el deber jurídico y la capacidad real de
impedir el resultado lesivo, omite actuar deliberadamente.
This paper addresses the viability of attributing the crime of collusion through the figure of improper omission in the Peruvian legal system. The main issue lies in determining whether the typical structure of the simple and aggravated modalities provided for in Article 384 of the Criminal Code admits criminal liability for omissive conduct. The analysis begins with a review of the legislative evolution of Article 384 of the Criminal Code. Likewise, for each modality, it examines the protected legal interests, their typical elements, their legal nature, and their moments of consummation and attempt. Subsequently, it addresses improper omission from its normative foundation and conceptualization, the duty of guarantor, and the cumulative dogmatic elements of this institution. Finally, it reviews the jurisprudential background and the doctrinal debate surrounding this issue, to conclude with an applied analysis of the viability of attributing this crime through improper omission in both modalities. The main conclusions establish that improper omission is incompatible with simple collusion, as it is a crime of mere activity and abstract danger, consummated by the mere agreement, which excludes any prior moment that would enable intervention by the guarantor. On the contrary, in aggravated collusion –which requires patrimonial harm–, attribution through improper omission is possible when the public official, having the legal duty and the actual capacity to prevent the harmful result, deliberately omits to act.
This paper addresses the viability of attributing the crime of collusion through the figure of improper omission in the Peruvian legal system. The main issue lies in determining whether the typical structure of the simple and aggravated modalities provided for in Article 384 of the Criminal Code admits criminal liability for omissive conduct. The analysis begins with a review of the legislative evolution of Article 384 of the Criminal Code. Likewise, for each modality, it examines the protected legal interests, their typical elements, their legal nature, and their moments of consummation and attempt. Subsequently, it addresses improper omission from its normative foundation and conceptualization, the duty of guarantor, and the cumulative dogmatic elements of this institution. Finally, it reviews the jurisprudential background and the doctrinal debate surrounding this issue, to conclude with an applied analysis of the viability of attributing this crime through improper omission in both modalities. The main conclusions establish that improper omission is incompatible with simple collusion, as it is a crime of mere activity and abstract danger, consummated by the mere agreement, which excludes any prior moment that would enable intervention by the guarantor. On the contrary, in aggravated collusion –which requires patrimonial harm–, attribution through improper omission is possible when the public official, having the legal duty and the actual capacity to prevent the harmful result, deliberately omits to act.
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Derecho penal--Perú, Delitos de los funcionarios--Perú, Imputabilidad--Perú, Delitos por omisión--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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