Estrategias de mujeres de la Comunidad Campesina de Usibamba en el marco del proceso de migración transnacional de pastores de la comunidad a EE.UU.
Date
2022-08-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La migración transnacional es un concepto usado en las Ciencias Sociales que
da cuenta de la intensificación de los procesos de migración internacional durante los
últimos 40 años; específicamente, desde espacios del sur global hacia el norte (hacia
los nodos de concentración del capital y producción comercial). Estos procesos
complejizan las relaciones entre los ámbitos rurales y urbanos, y las fronteras
nacionales, dando pie al surgimiento de nuevos procesos y cambios que impactan en
el desarrollo local, las comunidades y sus actividades. Situándonos en los estudios de
transmigración y nueva ruralidad, así como desde la lógica de estrategias femeninas,
la presente investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar qué ocurre con las mujeres
comuneras de la Comunidad Campesina de Usibamba (Junín, Perú) en el marco del
proceso de exportación de mano de obra pastoril de comuneros hacia el Estado de
California (EE.UU.). Específicamente, el objetivo es indagar acerca de sus estrategias
frente a este contexto y la manera en la que sus roles o actividades se configuran a
partir de él, desde su posicionamiento como mujeres. La metodología planteada
implica la realización de una etnografía multilocal desde dos ejes geográficos
mencionados para comprender el proceso en su complejidad, tomando 8 casos de
mujeres (4 que migraron a Bakersfield y 4 que se quedaron en Usibamba).
Transnational migration or transmigration is a concept used in Social Sciences to describe the intensification of international migration processes over the last 40 years, specifically from the global south to the north (to the nodes of capital concentration and commercial production). These processes complexify the relationships between rural and urban areas, as well as national borders, giving rise to the emergence of new processes and changes that impact local development, communities and their activities. In the context of transmigration and new rurality studies, as well as from the logic of female strategies, the present research aims to study what happens to the women of the Usibamba Campesino Community (Junín, Peru) in the context of the process of exporting the pastoral labor of community members to the State of California (USA). Specifically, the objective is to inquire about their strategies in this context and the way in which their roles or activities are shaped by it, specifically from their position as women. The proposed methodology implies the realization of a multilocal ethnography from the two geographical axes mentioned before to understand the process in its complexity, taking 8 cases of women (4 that migrated to Bakersfield and 4 that stayed in Usibamba).
Transnational migration or transmigration is a concept used in Social Sciences to describe the intensification of international migration processes over the last 40 years, specifically from the global south to the north (to the nodes of capital concentration and commercial production). These processes complexify the relationships between rural and urban areas, as well as national borders, giving rise to the emergence of new processes and changes that impact local development, communities and their activities. In the context of transmigration and new rurality studies, as well as from the logic of female strategies, the present research aims to study what happens to the women of the Usibamba Campesino Community (Junín, Peru) in the context of the process of exporting the pastoral labor of community members to the State of California (USA). Specifically, the objective is to inquire about their strategies in this context and the way in which their roles or activities are shaped by it, specifically from their position as women. The proposed methodology implies the realization of a multilocal ethnography from the two geographical axes mentioned before to understand the process in its complexity, taking 8 cases of women (4 that migrated to Bakersfield and 4 that stayed in Usibamba).
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Keywords
Mujeres en el medio rural--Perú, Emigración e inmigración--Estados Unidos, Transnacionalismo, Campesinado--Perú
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