La inobservancia del derecho al debido procedimiento en el procedimiento administrativo sancionador regulado en la Ordenanza Municipal N° 004-2012-MDI del Distrito de Imperial, provincia de Cañete, departamento de Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Este trabajo de investigación aborda la problemática de la inobservancia del
derecho al debido procedimiento en el marco del procedimiento administrativo
sancionador regulado por la Ordenanza Municipal N° 004-2012-MDI del Distrito
de Imperial, provincia de Cañete, departamento de Lima. Se evidencia que dicha
norma permite la imposición de “sanciones de plano”, es decir, sin la tramitación
previa de un debido procedimiento administrativo sancionador, lo que genera
una vulneración directa de garantías constitucionales como el derecho al debido
procedimiento, la presunción de inocencia y la tutela efectiva frente a la actuación
de la Administración Pública.
Para el análisis se emplean diversos instrumentos normativos: el artículo 139
inciso 3 de la Constitución Política del Perú, que reconoce expresamente el
derecho al debido proceso; el Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley del Procedimiento
Administrativo General (TUO de la LPAG), aprobado por Decreto Supremo N°
004-2019-JUS, que regula el principio del debido procedimiento en los
procedimientos sancionadores; y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional,
que ha consolidado criterios sobre la necesidad de garantizar la defensa, la
motivación de las resoluciones y la interdicción de la arbitrariedad en sede
Administrativa. Asimismo, se recurre a doctrina nacional y extranjera que
contribuye a un mejor entendimiento del tema, destacando la importancia de
concebir el derecho al debido procedimiento como límite material al poder
sancionador del Estado y como mecanismo de protección frente a la
arbitrariedad.
Las conclusiones principales señalan que la imposición de sanciones sin un
debido procedimiento previo compromete la validez constitucional de los actos
administrativos y erosiona la legitimidad de la potestad sancionadora de la
Municipalidad de Imperial. Asimismo, se reafirma a la LPAG, como norma
común, que es de aplicación obligatoria en todos los procedimientos
administrativos, incluidos los municipales, y que su observancia asegura transparencia, imparcialidad y respeto a los derechos fundamentales. En
consecuencia, se sostiene que la garantía del debido procedimiento constituye
un límite material al poder sancionador del Estado y un requisito indispensable
para consolidar un verdadero Estado de Derecho.
This research paper addresses the issue of non-observance of the right to due process within the framework of the administrative sanctioning procedure regulated by Municipal Ordinance No. 004-2012-MDI of the District of Imperial, Province of Cañete, Department of Lima. It is evident that this regulation allows the imposition of “summary sanctions,” that is, without the prior processing of a proper administrative sanctioning procedure, which directly infringes constitutional guarantees such as the right to due process, the presumption of innocence, and effective protection against the actions of the Public Administration. For the analysis, various normative instruments are employed: Article 139, subsection 3 of the Political Constitution of Peru, which expressly recognizes the right to due process; the Consolidated Text of the General Administrative Procedure Law (TUO of the LPAG), approved by Supreme Decree No. 004-2019- JUS, which regulates the principle of due procedure in sanctioning proceedings; and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, which has consolidated criteria regarding the need to guarantee defense, the reasoning of decisions, and the prohibition of arbitrariness in administrative proceedings. Likewise, national and foreign legal doctrine is considered, contributing to a better understanding of the subject and emphasizing the importance of conceiving the right to due procedure as a substantive limit to the State’s sanctioning power and as a mechanism of protection against arbitrariness. The main conclusions indicate that the imposition of sanctions without a prior due procedure compromises the constitutional validity of administrative acts and undermines the legitimacy of the sanctioning authority of the Municipality of Imperial. Furthermore, the LPAG is reaffirmed as a common rule, mandatory in all administrative procedures, including municipal ones, and its observance ensures transparency, impartiality, and respect for fundamental rights. Consequently, it is argued that the guarantee of due procedure constitutes a substantive limit to the State’s sanctioning power and an indispensable requirement for consolidating a true Rule of Law.
This research paper addresses the issue of non-observance of the right to due process within the framework of the administrative sanctioning procedure regulated by Municipal Ordinance No. 004-2012-MDI of the District of Imperial, Province of Cañete, Department of Lima. It is evident that this regulation allows the imposition of “summary sanctions,” that is, without the prior processing of a proper administrative sanctioning procedure, which directly infringes constitutional guarantees such as the right to due process, the presumption of innocence, and effective protection against the actions of the Public Administration. For the analysis, various normative instruments are employed: Article 139, subsection 3 of the Political Constitution of Peru, which expressly recognizes the right to due process; the Consolidated Text of the General Administrative Procedure Law (TUO of the LPAG), approved by Supreme Decree No. 004-2019- JUS, which regulates the principle of due procedure in sanctioning proceedings; and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, which has consolidated criteria regarding the need to guarantee defense, the reasoning of decisions, and the prohibition of arbitrariness in administrative proceedings. Likewise, national and foreign legal doctrine is considered, contributing to a better understanding of the subject and emphasizing the importance of conceiving the right to due procedure as a substantive limit to the State’s sanctioning power and as a mechanism of protection against arbitrariness. The main conclusions indicate that the imposition of sanctions without a prior due procedure compromises the constitutional validity of administrative acts and undermines the legitimacy of the sanctioning authority of the Municipality of Imperial. Furthermore, the LPAG is reaffirmed as a common rule, mandatory in all administrative procedures, including municipal ones, and its observance ensures transparency, impartiality, and respect for fundamental rights. Consequently, it is argued that the guarantee of due procedure constitutes a substantive limit to the State’s sanctioning power and an indispensable requirement for consolidating a true Rule of Law.
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Procedimiento administrativo--Legislación--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Perú, Derecho administrativo--Legislación--Perú, Ordenanza municipal--Perú--Cañete (Lima : Provincia)