Los desafíos contemporáneos de la intervención humanitaria: entre la Responsabilidad de Proteger y las restricciones jurídicas y políticas al uso de la fuerza
Date
2021-09-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo versa, fundamentalmente, sobre los problemas jurídicos y políticos de la
aplicación de la Doctrina de la Responsabilidad de Proteger (R2P). Preliminarmente se
realiza una breve reseña histórica de la Doctrina y se analizan los principales elementos
teóricos y normativos que la componen. Con dicha base jurídica la investigación se avoca a
determinar si la Responsabilidad de Proteger puede fundamentar el uso de la fuerza unilateral
por parte de un Estado en respuesta a violaciones graves y sistemáticas de Derechos Humanos
en otro Estado. Con este objetivo central, se analizan los tres ejes problemáticos que enfrenta
la Responsabilidad de Proteger, esto es, el jurídico, el político y el práctico. Para dicho
análisis se contrastan las dos posturas enfrentadas más importantes sobre la R2P: a favor (o
la primacía de los Derechos Humanos) y en contra (o de rechazo al intervencionismo).
This paper focuses mainly on the legal and political problems of the application of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) doctrine. A brief historical review of the doctrine is made in advance and the main theoretical and normative elements that compose it are analyzed. With this legal foundation, the investigations seeks to determine whether the Responsibility to Protect can be used as a basis for the unilateral use of force by a State in response to serious and systematic human rights violations in another State. With this central objective in mind, the three problematic lines that the Responsibility to Protect faces are examined: the legal one, the political one and the practical one. In this analysis, the two most important conflicting positions on the issue are contrasted: in favor (or the primacy of the defense of human rights above everything else) and against (or the rejection of interventionism).
This paper focuses mainly on the legal and political problems of the application of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) doctrine. A brief historical review of the doctrine is made in advance and the main theoretical and normative elements that compose it are analyzed. With this legal foundation, the investigations seeks to determine whether the Responsibility to Protect can be used as a basis for the unilateral use of force by a State in response to serious and systematic human rights violations in another State. With this central objective in mind, the three problematic lines that the Responsibility to Protect faces are examined: the legal one, the political one and the practical one. In this analysis, the two most important conflicting positions on the issue are contrasted: in favor (or the primacy of the defense of human rights above everything else) and against (or the rejection of interventionism).
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Keywords
Derecho internacional humanitario, Derechos humanos--Violación, Naciones Unidas--Consejo de Seguridad
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