El arbitraje de emergencia en el marco de los contratos públicos en el Perú: Análisis de su evolución, desafíos por su uso indebido y reflexiones para su mejor aplicación
Date
2025-03-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
En el Perú, el arbitraje se ha consolidado como un mecanismo eficaz para la
resolución de controversias en el ámbito de los contratos públicos, ofreciendo
una alternativa célere y especializada. Con el pasar del tiempo y las crecientes
demandas de los usuarios, este ha ido evolucionado, de manera que se ha
impulsado la incorporación de nuevas herramientas como el arbitraje de
emergencia.
Este mecanismo, en su concepción original, buscaba satisfacer la necesidad
de proteger los derechos de las partes de forma inmediata, evitando así los
perjuicios que podrían derivarse de la demora en los procedimientos arbitrales
ordinarios. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha advertido un uso
inadecuado del arbitraje de emergencia, en el que su propósito legitimo ha
sido reemplazado, en algunos casos, por prácticas que faciliten la obtención
de estas medidas sin una justificación adecuada. Estas situaciones han dado
lugar a decisiones cuestionables, muchas veces relacionado con la actuación
de determinados centros de arbitraje y de algunos árbitros, lo que ha generado
preocupación sobre la transparencia y ética del proceso.
En ese sentido, teniendo en cuenta esta problemática, resulta importante
proponer medidas que fomenten un uso más riguroso y legítimo del arbitraje
de emergencia en el Perú, lo cual incluye fortalecer los estándares de
evaluación de las solicitudes cautelares, incrementar los controles de centros
de arbitraje y garantizar la imparcialidad y profesionalismo de los árbitros, de
manera que este mecanismo recupere su propósito esencial como
herramienta de protección célere y justa en el marco de los contratos públicos.
Arbitration has been consolidated in Peru as an effective mechanism for the resolution of disputes in the field of public contracts, offering a fast and specialized alternative. With the passing of time and the growing demands of users, it has evolved, so that the incorporation of new tools such as emergency arbitration has been promoted. This mechanism, in its original conception, sought to satisfy the need to protect the rights of the parties immediately, thus avoiding the damages that could result from the delay in ordinary arbitration proceedings. However, in recent years an inappropriate use of emergency arbitration has been noticed, in which its legitimate purpose has been replaced, in some cases, by practices that facilitate the obtaining of these measures without adequate justification. These situations have given rise to questionable decisions, often related to the performance of certain arbitration centers and arbitrators, which has raised concerns about the transparency and ethics of the process. In this context, taking into account this problem, it is important to propose measures to promote a more rigorous and legitimate use of emergency arbitration in Peru, which includes strengthening the standards of evaluation of interim applications, increasing controls of arbitration centers and ensuring the impartiality and professionalism of the arbitrators, so that this mechanism recovers its essential purpose as a tool for prompt and fair protection in the framework of public contracts.
Arbitration has been consolidated in Peru as an effective mechanism for the resolution of disputes in the field of public contracts, offering a fast and specialized alternative. With the passing of time and the growing demands of users, it has evolved, so that the incorporation of new tools such as emergency arbitration has been promoted. This mechanism, in its original conception, sought to satisfy the need to protect the rights of the parties immediately, thus avoiding the damages that could result from the delay in ordinary arbitration proceedings. However, in recent years an inappropriate use of emergency arbitration has been noticed, in which its legitimate purpose has been replaced, in some cases, by practices that facilitate the obtaining of these measures without adequate justification. These situations have given rise to questionable decisions, often related to the performance of certain arbitration centers and arbitrators, which has raised concerns about the transparency and ethics of the process. In this context, taking into account this problem, it is important to propose measures to promote a more rigorous and legitimate use of emergency arbitration in Peru, which includes strengthening the standards of evaluation of interim applications, increasing controls of arbitration centers and ensuring the impartiality and professionalism of the arbitrators, so that this mechanism recovers its essential purpose as a tool for prompt and fair protection in the framework of public contracts.
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Keywords
Derecho administrativo--Legislación--Perú, Arbitraje y laudo, Contratos administrativos--Perú, Servicios públicos--Perú