El impacto de las crisis económicas sobre la transmisión educativa intergeneracional en el Perú: un estudio para generaciones nacidas entre 1950 y 1989
Date
2020-09-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este trabajo de investigación pretende estudiar la persistencia de la desigualdad
de oportunidades en educación para personas nacidas entre 1950 y 1989 en el
Perú mediante la relación entre la movilidad educativa intergeneracional y las
crisis económicas. La hipótesis que se plantea es que existe baja movilidad
educativa intergeneracional, la cual se agrava en contextos económicos
adversos, en ese sentido, el primer objetivo es hallar el coeficiente de transmisión
educativo de padres a hijos, y el segundo es relacionar esta medida con las crisis
económicas. Dicha transmisión se da por tres canales: habilidades cognitivas
heredadas, acceso al crédito y preferencias de los padres, los cuales varían bajo
presión económica. La metodología usada es una regresión MCO para hallar el
coeficiente de traspaso de años de educación de los jefes de hogar, entre 29 a
68 años en el momento de la encuesta, con la de sus padres. Para ello, se trabaja
con cuatro cohortes (1950- 1959, 1960- 1969, 1970- 1979, 1980- 1989) de la
base de datos de la ENAHO del 2004 al 2018. En conclusión, las crisis
económicas afectan las decisiones del jefe del hogar sobre la educación de los
hijos, lo cual podría explicar la persistencia de la desigualdad de oportunidades
en educación.
This research aims to study the persistence of unequal educational opportunities for people born between 1950 and 1989 in Peru through the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and economic crises. The hypothesis that arises is that there is low intergenerational educational mobility, which is aggravated in adverse economic contexts, in this sense, the first objective is to find the coefficient of educational transmission from parents to children, and the second is to relate this measure to severe economic crisis. This transmission occurs through three channels: inherited cognitive abilities, access to credit and parental preferences, which can be affected by crisis. The methodology used is an OLS regression to find the coefficient of transfer of years of education of heads of household, between 29 to 68 years at the time of the survey, with that of their parents. To do this, we work with four cohorts (1950-1959, 1960-1969, 1970- 1979, 1980-1989) from the ENAHO database from 2004 to 2018. In conclusion, the economic crisis affects the decisions of the head of the home on the education of children, which could explain the persistence of unequal educational opportunities.
This research aims to study the persistence of unequal educational opportunities for people born between 1950 and 1989 in Peru through the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and economic crises. The hypothesis that arises is that there is low intergenerational educational mobility, which is aggravated in adverse economic contexts, in this sense, the first objective is to find the coefficient of educational transmission from parents to children, and the second is to relate this measure to severe economic crisis. This transmission occurs through three channels: inherited cognitive abilities, access to credit and parental preferences, which can be affected by crisis. The methodology used is an OLS regression to find the coefficient of transfer of years of education of heads of household, between 29 to 68 years at the time of the survey, with that of their parents. To do this, we work with four cohorts (1950-1959, 1960-1969, 1970- 1979, 1980-1989) from the ENAHO database from 2004 to 2018. In conclusion, the economic crisis affects the decisions of the head of the home on the education of children, which could explain the persistence of unequal educational opportunities.
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Keywords
Educación--Aspectos económicos--Perú, Crisis económica--Perú, Distribución del ingreso--Aspectos sociales--Perú, Movilidad social--Perú, Igualdad--Perú
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