Un nuevo enfoque del derecho al plazo razonable en casos de violación de género: una mirada crítica en ocasión de las esterilizaciones forzadas en el Perú durante el gobierno dictatorial de Alberto Fujimori
Date
2021-09-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo proponer un nuevo enfoque para analizar el derecho
al plazo razonable dentro de las investigaciones fiscales o, en general, durante el proceso
penal en los casos de violencia basada en el género. Esta propuesta se enmarca en el
análisis del caso de esterilizaciones forzadas durante el régimen de Alberto Fujimori en el
marco del desarrollo del Programa Nacional de Salud Reproductiva y Planificación Familiar
mediante el cual se incorporó la intervención quirúrgica de emergencia en los años 1996
a 2000. Al ser las víctimas mujeres, de una situación económica pobre y quechuahablantes
se requiere incluir el enfoque de género y de interculturalidad, pues la situación de
vulnerabilidad se acentuó por las diversas formas de exclusión social.
Asimismo, cabe señalar que, los criterios utilizados por el Tribunal Constitucional resultan
insuficientes para abordar este tipo de casos carácter complejo tanto a nivel de probanza
como de revictimización a las denunciantes. Casos que requieren que el derecho al plazo
razonable sea analizado en función al efecto que genera el proceso en las denunciantes.
En esa línea, se tendrá en cuenta la demanda de amparo presentada por Marino Costa
Bauer, ex Ministro de Salud de Alberto Fujimori, quien alegó la vulneración del derecho al
plazo razonable y, en consecuencia, solicitó el archivo del proceso penal en curso.
The objetc of this article is present a new perspective about the right of a reasonable period of time investigations or, in general, during the criminal process in cases of gender-based violence. This proposal is part of the analysis of the case of forced sterilizations during the Alberto Fujimori regime within the framework of the development of the National Program for Reproductive Health and Family Planning through which emergency surgical intervention was incorporated in the years 1996 to 2000. All Being the female victims, of a poor economic situation and Quechua speakers, it is necessary to include the gender and intercultural approach, since the situation of vulnerability was accentuated by the various forms of social exclusion. Also, it should be noted that the criteria used by the Constitutional Court are insufficient to deal with this type of complex cases, both at the level of evidence and revictimization of the womans. Cases that require that the right to a reasonable time be analyzed based on the effect generated by the process on the complainants. Along these lines, the “demanda de amparo” filed by Marino Costa Bauer, Alberto Fujimori's former Minister of Health, will be taken into account, who alleged the violation of the right to a reasonable period of time and, consequently, requested the filing of the ongoing criminal proceedings.
The objetc of this article is present a new perspective about the right of a reasonable period of time investigations or, in general, during the criminal process in cases of gender-based violence. This proposal is part of the analysis of the case of forced sterilizations during the Alberto Fujimori regime within the framework of the development of the National Program for Reproductive Health and Family Planning through which emergency surgical intervention was incorporated in the years 1996 to 2000. All Being the female victims, of a poor economic situation and Quechua speakers, it is necessary to include the gender and intercultural approach, since the situation of vulnerability was accentuated by the various forms of social exclusion. Also, it should be noted that the criteria used by the Constitutional Court are insufficient to deal with this type of complex cases, both at the level of evidence and revictimization of the womans. Cases that require that the right to a reasonable time be analyzed based on the effect generated by the process on the complainants. Along these lines, the “demanda de amparo” filed by Marino Costa Bauer, Alberto Fujimori's former Minister of Health, will be taken into account, who alleged the violation of the right to a reasonable period of time and, consequently, requested the filing of the ongoing criminal proceedings.
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Keywords
Esterilización sexual--Perú, Planificación familiar..Perú--1990-2000, Procedimiento penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Plazo legal
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