Estado del arte: aprendizaje basado en proyectos: ventajas y pautas para su implementación en aula
Date
2022-11-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estado del Arte es un análisis de los aportes de diversos autores sobre el
Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) durante los últimos 21 años. El objetivo fue
describir los principales beneficios que tiene la aplicación del ABP en el nivel de
educación primaria y detallar pautas para implementar la metodología en aula. Con
ese propósito, la investigación desarrolla un análisis sistemático de 20 fuentes
seleccionadas dentro de los últimos 21 años. Las fuentes son diversas, entre ellas se
reconocen artículos, tesis, capítulos de libros y fascículos sobre los beneficios y los
pasos para implementar el ABP. La estructura del trabajo presenta un primer apartado
en el que se explica los beneficios del ABP para el desarrollo integral de los
estudiantes. Luego se presentan las pautas para la aplicación de la metodología
dividida en etapas, planificación, desarrollo y cierre del proyecto. Por último, las
reflexiones finales explican las ideas centrales según los objetivos y algunas opiniones
sobre la revisión bibliográfica. La investigación concluyó que los principales beneficios
del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos para los estudiantes son que les permite
desarrollar el aprendizaje significativo y trabajar colaborativamente con sus
semejantes. Por otro lado, se identificó que no hay un procedimiento único y específico
para implementar la metodología, sino que es flexible a las necesidades e intereses
del docente y los estudiantes. No obstante, los autores coinciden en recalcar la etapa
de la planificación como un proceso vital para la eficacia de la metodología.
The present state of the art is an analysis of the contributions of various authors on Project Based Learning (PBL) over the last 21 years. The aim was to describe the main benefits of applying PBL at the elementary school level and to detail guidelines for implementing the methodology in the classroom. For this purpose, the research develops a systematic analysis of 20 sources selected within the last 21 years. The sources are diverse, including articles, theses, book chapters and booklets on the benefits and steps to implement PBL. The structure of the paper begins with an introduction detailing the justification for the research, its methodology and the sections on the state of the art. This is followed by the first section, which explains the benefits of PBL for the integral development of students. This is followed by the guidelines for the application of the methodology divided into stages, planning, development and closure of the project. Finally, the concluding reflections explain the central ideas according to the objectives and some personal opinions on the literature review. The research concluded that the main benefits of Project Based Learning for students are that it allows them to develop meaningful learning and to work collaboratively with their peers. On the other hand, it was identified that there is no single, specific procedure for implementing the methodology, but that it is flexible to the needs and interests of the teacher and students. However, the authors agree in emphasising the planning stage as a vital process for the effectiveness of the methodology.
The present state of the art is an analysis of the contributions of various authors on Project Based Learning (PBL) over the last 21 years. The aim was to describe the main benefits of applying PBL at the elementary school level and to detail guidelines for implementing the methodology in the classroom. For this purpose, the research develops a systematic analysis of 20 sources selected within the last 21 years. The sources are diverse, including articles, theses, book chapters and booklets on the benefits and steps to implement PBL. The structure of the paper begins with an introduction detailing the justification for the research, its methodology and the sections on the state of the art. This is followed by the first section, which explains the benefits of PBL for the integral development of students. This is followed by the guidelines for the application of the methodology divided into stages, planning, development and closure of the project. Finally, the concluding reflections explain the central ideas according to the objectives and some personal opinions on the literature review. The research concluded that the main benefits of Project Based Learning for students are that it allows them to develop meaningful learning and to work collaboratively with their peers. On the other hand, it was identified that there is no single, specific procedure for implementing the methodology, but that it is flexible to the needs and interests of the teacher and students. However, the authors agree in emphasising the planning stage as a vital process for the effectiveness of the methodology.
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Keywords
Trabajo en grupos (Educación)--Aprendizaje, Educación primaria--Estudio y enseñanza, Método de proyectos (Educación)
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