Impacto de la Gestión de Portafolio de Proyectos en el rendimiento de pequeñas empresas de desarrollo de software en Perú
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Date
2021-03-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La gestión de portafolio de proyectos se define como colección de componentes de
portafolios (proyectos, programas y otras actividades) agrupados para facilitar su
gestión, para cumplir total o parcialmente un conjunto de objetivos estratégicos de la
organización. Estos proyectos constituyen una parte importante de los negocios en
general y juegan un rol central en el desarrollo, visión estratégica y mantenimiento de la
competitividad y rendimiento de una empresa. Sin embargo, desde una visión
estratégica, para que estos proyectos generen valor a la empresa se debe garantizar
que el grupo seleccionado de proyectos contribuye a implementar la estrategia de
negocio en términos de líneas de productos, mercados, plataformas tecnológicas, etc.
La revisión del estado del arte realizada como parte de este proyecto de investigación
muestra que la gestión de portafolio de proyectos ha sido tratada en múltiples
publicaciones a través principalmente de estudios de casos los cuales identifican
herramientas, factores de éxito y desafíos para su implementación. Lo anterior justifica
la hipótesis de que la implementación de gestión de portafolio de proyectos influye en el
rendimiento de las empresas, sin embargo, de los estudios encontrados solo unos pocos
incluyen en su muestra pequeñas empresas y ninguno en el contexto latinoamericano.
Para la realización de este proyecto se utilizó un diseño de investigación mixto,
empezando por un estudio cuantitativo exploratorio, que permitió identificar un conjunto
de empresas que apliquen prácticas de gestión de portafolio. El siguiente paso fue un
estudio de caso múltiple que permitió identificar cómo estas empresas aplicaban las
prácticas de gestión de portafolio. Con la información recabada se elaboró una
propuesta de marco de trabajo de gestión estratégica de proyectos, el cual incluye un
conjunto de roles, así como actividades relacionadas a la revisión de objetivos
estratégicos, definición y gestión del portafolio y gestión de proyectos. Finalmente, la
propuesta de marco de trabajo fue validada en dos empresas con resultados positivos.
Los resultados de este proyecto contribuyen al campo de la investigación en la gestión
de carteras al verificar su aplicabilidad en el ámbito de las pequeñas empresas y también
ayudan a los responsables de la implementación proporcionando un marco estratégico
de gestión de proyectos aplicable a las pymes de desarrollo de software.
Project portfolio management is defined as a collection of portfolio components (projects, programs, and other activities) grouped together to facilitate their management, to fully or partially fulfill a set of strategic objectives of the organization. These projects are an important part of the business in general and play a central role in the development, strategic vision, and maintenance of the competitiveness and performance of a company. However, from a strategic perspective, to generate value for the company, it must be guaranteed that the selected group of projects contributes to implementing strategy in terms of product lines, markets, technological platforms, etc. The state-of-the-art review carried out as part of this research shows that project portfolio management has been addressed in multiple papers through mainly case studies that identify tools, success factors, and challenges for its implementation. This justifies the hypothesis that the implementation of project portfolio management influences the performance of companies, however, of the studies found, only a few include small companies in their sample and none in the Latin American context. To develop this project, a mixed research design was used, starting with a quantitative exploratory study, which allowed the identification of a set of organizations that apply project portfolio management practices. The next step was a multiple case study that identified how these organizations applied project portfolio management practices. With the information collected, a strategic project management framework was developed, which includes a set of roles, as well as activities related to the review of strategic objectives, definition and management of the portfolio, and project management. Finally, the proposed framework was validated in two companies with positive results. The results of this project contribute to the field of research in portfolio management by verifying its applicability in the field of small companies and also helps those responsible for implementation by providing a strategic project management framework applicable to SMEs of software development.
Project portfolio management is defined as a collection of portfolio components (projects, programs, and other activities) grouped together to facilitate their management, to fully or partially fulfill a set of strategic objectives of the organization. These projects are an important part of the business in general and play a central role in the development, strategic vision, and maintenance of the competitiveness and performance of a company. However, from a strategic perspective, to generate value for the company, it must be guaranteed that the selected group of projects contributes to implementing strategy in terms of product lines, markets, technological platforms, etc. The state-of-the-art review carried out as part of this research shows that project portfolio management has been addressed in multiple papers through mainly case studies that identify tools, success factors, and challenges for its implementation. This justifies the hypothesis that the implementation of project portfolio management influences the performance of companies, however, of the studies found, only a few include small companies in their sample and none in the Latin American context. To develop this project, a mixed research design was used, starting with a quantitative exploratory study, which allowed the identification of a set of organizations that apply project portfolio management practices. The next step was a multiple case study that identified how these organizations applied project portfolio management practices. With the information collected, a strategic project management framework was developed, which includes a set of roles, as well as activities related to the review of strategic objectives, definition and management of the portfolio, and project management. Finally, the proposed framework was validated in two companies with positive results. The results of this project contribute to the field of research in portfolio management by verifying its applicability in the field of small companies and also helps those responsible for implementation by providing a strategic project management framework applicable to SMEs of software development.
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Manejo de portafolio, Administración de proyectos, Pequeñas empresas--Administración
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