El artículo 384 del Código Penal: relación entre la colusión simple y agravada, y sus implicancias prácticas
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
Se analiza la relación entre la colusión simple y la colusión agravada, reguladas en el
artículo 384 del Código Penal, para determinar si constituyen tipos penales autónomos
o tienen una relación de tipo base-derivado. Se inicia con la delimitación del bien jurídico
protegido por este delito. Para esto, se revisan tres principales tesis: patrimonialista
(protección del erario estatal), institucional (probidad, lealtad, imparcialidad, entre otros)
e intermedia (armonización de la tesis patrimonialista e institucional). Tras un análisis
jurisprudencial y dogmático, se concluye que el primer párrafo protege la imparcialidad
en el marco de las contrataciones públicas, mientras que el segundo párrafo tutela,
adicionalmente, el patrimonio estatal lo que implica que es un delito pluriofensivo.
Se sostiene que la relación entre el delito de colusión simple y colusión agravada es la
de tipo base-derivado en tanto comparten elementos esenciales. Se diferencian
únicamente en la producción material al patrimonio estatal, lo que representa un
elemento accidental que incrementa el desvalor de la acción y la culpabilidad del sujeto.
Finalmente, se examinan las implicancias prácticas de esta interpretación: determinación
judicial de la pena (aplicación excepcional del sistema de tercios), tentativa (no existencia
de esta respecto al delito de colusión agravada) y autoría y complicidad (tesis de la
adhesión).
This paper analyzes the relationship between simple collusion and aggravated collusion, regulated in article 384 of the Criminal Code, in order to determine whether they constitute autonomous criminal offenses or a base-derived relationship. It begins by defining the legal interest protected by this offense, reviewing three main theoretical approaches: patrimonial thesis (protection of the State’s assets), institutional thesis (probity, loyalty, impartiality, and so on), and the intermediate thesis. Based on a jurisprudential and dogmatic analysis, it is concluded that the first paragraph protects impartiality within the framework of public procurement, while the second paragraph additionally protects the State’s patrimony, which implies that it is a multi-offensive crime. Also, the relationship between simple collusion and aggravated collusion is that of a basederived because both have the same essential elements. They differ only in the material harm cause to the State’s patrimony, which represents an accidental element that increases the disvalue of the action and the culpability of the offender. Finally, the implications of this interpretation are examined: judicial determination of the penalty (exceptional application of the system of thirds), attempt (its non-existence in aggravated collusion) and authorship and complicity (adoption of the adhesion thesis).
This paper analyzes the relationship between simple collusion and aggravated collusion, regulated in article 384 of the Criminal Code, in order to determine whether they constitute autonomous criminal offenses or a base-derived relationship. It begins by defining the legal interest protected by this offense, reviewing three main theoretical approaches: patrimonial thesis (protection of the State’s assets), institutional thesis (probity, loyalty, impartiality, and so on), and the intermediate thesis. Based on a jurisprudential and dogmatic analysis, it is concluded that the first paragraph protects impartiality within the framework of public procurement, while the second paragraph additionally protects the State’s patrimony, which implies that it is a multi-offensive crime. Also, the relationship between simple collusion and aggravated collusion is that of a basederived because both have the same essential elements. They differ only in the material harm cause to the State’s patrimony, which represents an accidental element that increases the disvalue of the action and the culpability of the offender. Finally, the implications of this interpretation are examined: judicial determination of the penalty (exceptional application of the system of thirds), attempt (its non-existence in aggravated collusion) and authorship and complicity (adoption of the adhesion thesis).
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Delitos de los funcionarios--Perú, Derecho penal--Perú, Penas--Perú
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item.page.review
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