China y Perú durante el gobierno de Alberto Fujimori, 1990-2000: economía y política
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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A inicios de la década de 1990, China enfrentaba dos crisis
simultáneas: un escepticismo interno sobre la viabilidad de la reforma
económica y un aislamiento diplomático internacional tras la
represión en la Plaza Tiananmén. Para abordar la primera crisis, Deng
Xiaoping reafirmó la apertura y el desarrollo económico, durante un
viaje al sur del país, anunciando medidas clave que liberaron aún más
la economía. Para superar la segunda crisis, China mantuvo
relaciones diplomáticas con países amigos, buscó nuevos aliados, y
encontró en Perú un socio estratégico en Latinoamérica. En ese
momento, el presidente peruano, Alberto Fujimori, necesitaba
recursos económicos y apoyo internacional para impulsar su propia
reforma neoliberal y reintegrar al Perú en los circuitos económicos
internacionales, y China estaba dispuesta a ofrecer su apoyo.
Esta tesis analiza la relación entre China y Perú durante la década
de 1990 en dos grandes secciones: economía y política. Para una
comprensión integral se han introducido seis ejes analíticos: inversión,
comercio y ayuda exterior, en la sección económica, y visitas mutuas,
la cuestión de Taiwán y el apoyo recíproco en derechos humanos, en
la sección política. Mediante el análisis de noticias oficiales, memorias
de embajadores chinos, archivos, anuarios de ministros exteriores,
organizaciones internacionales y entrevistas con personajes
relevantes, esta investigación revela las razones y el proceso del
acercamiento gradual entre China y Perú. Además, ofrece una nueva
perspectiva la influencia creciente de China gracias a la expansión
económica y la narrativa oficial de la relación bilateral.
At the beginning of the 1990s, China was experiencing two simultaneous crises: internal skepticism about the viability of economic reform and international diplomatic isolation following the repression of the Tiananmen Square protests. To address the first crisis, Deng Xiaoping reaffirmed the path of opening up and economic development during a famous southern tour, announcing key measures. To overcome the second crisis, China needed to defend its positions by maintaining diplomatic relations with friendly countries and expanding its allies. In this context, China found Peru, a country facing its own challenges and beginning its neoliberal reform. Newly elected Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori needed economic resources and international support to develop the economy and reintegrate the country into international economic circuits. China was willing to provide these resources and support. This thesis examines the China-Peru relationship during the 1990s through two major sections: economy and politics. For a comprehensive understanding, six analytical axes are introduced: investment, trade, and foreign aid in the economic section; and mutual visits, the Taiwan issue, and mutual support on human rights in the political section. Through the analysis of official news, Chinese ambassadors' memoirs, archives, yearbooks of foreign ministries, international organizations, and interviews with relevant figures, this research reveals the reasons and the process of the gradual rapprochement between China and Peru. Additionally, it offers a new perspective on China's process of building political influence through economic expansion and the official narrative of bilateral relations.
At the beginning of the 1990s, China was experiencing two simultaneous crises: internal skepticism about the viability of economic reform and international diplomatic isolation following the repression of the Tiananmen Square protests. To address the first crisis, Deng Xiaoping reaffirmed the path of opening up and economic development during a famous southern tour, announcing key measures. To overcome the second crisis, China needed to defend its positions by maintaining diplomatic relations with friendly countries and expanding its allies. In this context, China found Peru, a country facing its own challenges and beginning its neoliberal reform. Newly elected Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori needed economic resources and international support to develop the economy and reintegrate the country into international economic circuits. China was willing to provide these resources and support. This thesis examines the China-Peru relationship during the 1990s through two major sections: economy and politics. For a comprehensive understanding, six analytical axes are introduced: investment, trade, and foreign aid in the economic section; and mutual visits, the Taiwan issue, and mutual support on human rights in the political section. Through the analysis of official news, Chinese ambassadors' memoirs, archives, yearbooks of foreign ministries, international organizations, and interviews with relevant figures, this research reveals the reasons and the process of the gradual rapprochement between China and Peru. Additionally, it offers a new perspective on China's process of building political influence through economic expansion and the official narrative of bilateral relations.
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China--Relaciones exteriores--Perú--1990-2000, Perú--Relaciones exteriores--China--1990-2000, Deng, Xiaoping, 1907-1997, Fujimori Fujimori, Alberto, 1938-2024, China--Política y gobierno--1990-2000, Perú--Política y gobierno--1990-2000
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