Los delitos de infracción de deber y la fundamentación de la responsabilidad penal de su autor a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico-penal peruano
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La doctrina de los ilícitos penales consistentes en la infracción de un deber es
estudiada, analizada y debatida en diversos escenarios de la comunidad jurídica
peruana desde hace mucho tiempo atrás. Su empleo ha sido casi unánime en
el escenario de los comportamientos delictivos de funcionarios y/o servidores
estatales que atentan contra la adecuada marcha de la administración pública.
Sin embargo, también se ha advertido su uso, particularmente por los
magistrados especializados en lo penal de la Corte Suprema, en delitos como la
contaminación ambiental, la administración desleal de la persona jurídica, la
desaparición forzada, el ataque contra la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, entre
otros. No obstante, se ha podido evidenciar que todo ello acontece sin que se
disponga de una regla que, con pretensiones de generalidad, permita conocer
cuándo un delito del Código Penal peruano se tiene como uno consistente en el
quebrantamiento de un deber, situación que ostenta directa incidencia con la
fundamentación de la autoría. La presente tesis revela este problema y plantea
como pauta que se verifique si en la descripción típica del ilícito se hace expresa
referencia a la vulneración de un deber. Únicamente cuando ello ocurra
estaremos propiamente ante un injusto penal de quebrantamiento de un deber,
salvaguardándose así el principio de legalidad. El método de trabajo que se
emplea involucra el estudio y análisis de los planteamientos jurisprudenciales
del tribunal supremo de nuestro país, así como de las más importantes
propuestas doctrinales tanto del extranjero como del plano local.
The doctrine of criminal offences consisting in the offenses of breach of duty has long been studied, analyzed and debated in various settings of the Peruvian legal community. Their use has been almost unanimous in the case of criminal behavior by state officials and/or servants that undermine the proper functioning of public administration. However, its use also been noted, particularly by the criminal magistrates of the Supreme Court, in offences such as environmental pollution, unfair administration of the legal entities, enforced disappearance, the violation of safety and health conditions at work, among others. However, it been shown that all of this happens without a rule being available which, with claims of generality, allows knowing when an offence under the Peruvian Penal Code is considered like and offense of breach of duty, situation that has a direct impact based on authority. The present thesis reveals this problem and sets out as a standard to verify whether in the typical description of the wrongful act an express reference made to breach of duty. Only when this occurs will we be properly in front of an offense of breach of duty, thus safeguarding the principle of legality. The working method employed involves the study and analysis of the jurisprudential approaches of our country’s supreme court, as well as the most important doctrinal proposals from both foreign and local levels.
The doctrine of criminal offences consisting in the offenses of breach of duty has long been studied, analyzed and debated in various settings of the Peruvian legal community. Their use has been almost unanimous in the case of criminal behavior by state officials and/or servants that undermine the proper functioning of public administration. However, its use also been noted, particularly by the criminal magistrates of the Supreme Court, in offences such as environmental pollution, unfair administration of the legal entities, enforced disappearance, the violation of safety and health conditions at work, among others. However, it been shown that all of this happens without a rule being available which, with claims of generality, allows knowing when an offence under the Peruvian Penal Code is considered like and offense of breach of duty, situation that has a direct impact based on authority. The present thesis reveals this problem and sets out as a standard to verify whether in the typical description of the wrongful act an express reference made to breach of duty. Only when this occurs will we be properly in front of an offense of breach of duty, thus safeguarding the principle of legality. The working method employed involves the study and analysis of the jurisprudential approaches of our country’s supreme court, as well as the most important doctrinal proposals from both foreign and local levels.
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Palabras clave
Derecho penal--Legislación--Perú, Delitos, Responsabilidad penal--Perú, Autoría
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