Programas de cumplimiento como defensa de la personalidad jurídica ante la posible aplicación del levantamiento del velo societario en casos de fraude a la ley y abuso de derecho
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación aborda el problema del uso de la
personalidad jurídica de las empresas para defraudar la ley o abusar del derecho,
situaciones que pueden llevar al levantamiento del velo societario y,
consecuentemente, a la pérdida de la responsabilidad limitada de los socios. Se
analiza cómo los programas de cumplimiento corporativo pueden servir como
una defensa efectiva ante esta eventualidad e incluso su implementación y uso
puede llega a ser mucho mas efectivo para las empresas y por lo tanto para los
socios.
Se emplean como instrumentos normativos el Código Civil peruano, en lo
referente al abuso de derecho y fraude a la ley, y la Ley General de Sociedades,
en cuanto a la personalidad jurídica y responsabilidad limitada. Se examina la
figura del levantamiento del velo societario, una herramienta judicial que permite
inobservar la autonomía patrimonial de la sociedad para atribuir responsabilidad
directamente a los socios o administradores en casos de desviación de los fines
de la persona jurídica.
Las principales conclusiones destacan que la implementación de programas de
cumplimiento sólidos y efectivos, que promuevan una cultura de ética y legalidad
dentro de la empresa, actúa como un mecanismo preventivo fundamental. Estos
programas, al establecer controles internos, códigos de conducta y
capacitaciones, no solo mitigan los riesgos de conductas ilícitas, sino que
también demuestran la diligencia debida de la empresa y sus directivos, lo que
podría constituir una defensa clave frente a la aplicación del levantamiento del
velo societario.
This research paper addresses the problem of the use of a company's legal personality to defraud or abuse the law, situations that can lead to the piercing of the corporate veil and, consequently, the loss of limited liability for partners. It analyzes how corporate compliance programs can serve as an effective defense against this eventuality, and how their implementation and use can even be much more effective for companies and, therefore, for partners. The Peruvian Civil Code, regarding abuse of rights and fraud, and the General Law of Companies, regarding legal personality and limited liability, are used as regulatory instruments. The concept of piercing the corporate veil is examined, a judicial tool that allows the company's financial independence to be ignored and liability attributed directly to partners or directors in cases of misconduct in the legal entity's purposes. The key findings highlight that the implementation of robust and effective compliance programs that promote a culture of ethics and legality within the company acts as a fundamental preventive mechanism. By establishing internal controls, codes of conduct, and training, these programs not only mitigate the risks of illicit conduct but also demonstrate the due diligence of the company and its executives, which could constitute a key defense against the application of corporate veil piercing.
This research paper addresses the problem of the use of a company's legal personality to defraud or abuse the law, situations that can lead to the piercing of the corporate veil and, consequently, the loss of limited liability for partners. It analyzes how corporate compliance programs can serve as an effective defense against this eventuality, and how their implementation and use can even be much more effective for companies and, therefore, for partners. The Peruvian Civil Code, regarding abuse of rights and fraud, and the General Law of Companies, regarding legal personality and limited liability, are used as regulatory instruments. The concept of piercing the corporate veil is examined, a judicial tool that allows the company's financial independence to be ignored and liability attributed directly to partners or directors in cases of misconduct in the legal entity's purposes. The key findings highlight that the implementation of robust and effective compliance programs that promote a culture of ethics and legality within the company acts as a fundamental preventive mechanism. By establishing internal controls, codes of conduct, and training, these programs not only mitigate the risks of illicit conduct but also demonstrate the due diligence of the company and its executives, which could constitute a key defense against the application of corporate veil piercing.
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Personas jurídicas--Perú, Empresas--Perú, Abuso del derecho--Perú, Fraude de ley--Perú, Responsabilidad limitada--Perú
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