Idoneidad de la legislación de uso de aguas para fines mineros en el Perú y su relación en la prevención de conflictos vinculados al inicio y desarrollo de actividades mineras
Date
2024-03-07
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Durante las últimas décadas, la minería formal en el Perú ha visto afectadas sus
actividades por los conflictos, cada vez más recurrentes, con las comunidades y
poblaciones de su área de influencia. Esto a pesar de haber cumplido con los
requisitos exigidos por el marco legal minero y de recursos hídricos. Esta
situación no solo se produce porque las comunidades y poblaciones dificultan
las actividades mineras por temor a sufrir restricciones hídricas y una posible
contaminación del medio ambiente que podría perjudicar sus principales
actividades económicas, su salud y sus vidas; sino porque, adicionalmente,
confunden el rol de las empresas mineras con el del Estado, exigiendo a estas
la implementación de infraestructura y servicios básicos que el Estado no
atiende, llegándose a condicionar el inicio y normal desarrollo de las operaciones
extractivas al cumplimiento de dichas exigencias. Esta situación termina
generando conflictividad e inseguridad jurídica para los inversionistas mineros.
En ese sentido, se podrá llegar a la conclusión de que las normas que prevén
los requisitos para obtener los títulos habilitantes necesarios para operar en el
sector minero y el marco legal en materia hídrica en general, por sí mismos, no
son idóneos para mitigar los conflictos que nacen de las inquietudes de las
comunidades. Para ello, es relevante la participación activa del Estado a lo largo
del proceso, lo que implica no solo aparecer en caso de conflictos, sino apoyar
desde un inicio en la implementación de servicios básicos, así como en la
supervisión y control de las actividades mineras que permita establecer un
diálogo horizontal entre los actores implicados.
During the last decades, formal mining in Peru has been affected by increasingly recurrent conflicts with the communities and populations in its area of influence. This is despite having complied with the requirements of the legal framework for mining and water resources. This situation occurs not only because the communities and populations hinder mining activities for fear of suffering water restrictions and possible environmental contamination that could harm their main economic activities, their health and their lives; but also because, additionally, they confuse the role of mining companies with that of the State, demanding that the latter implement infrastructure and basic services that the State does not provide, to the point of conditioning the start and normal development of mining operations on compliance with these demands. This situation ends up generating conflict and legal uncertainty for mining investors. In this sense, it can be concluded that the regulations that establish the requirements to obtain the necessary titles to operate in the mining sector and the legal framework on water issues in general, by themselves, are not suitable to mitigate the conflicts that arise from the concerns of the communities. To this end, the active participation of the State is relevant throughout the process, which implies not only appearing in the presence of conflicts, but also providing support from the beginning in the implementation of basic services, as well as in the supervision and control of mining activities to establish a horizontal dialogue between the actors involved.
During the last decades, formal mining in Peru has been affected by increasingly recurrent conflicts with the communities and populations in its area of influence. This is despite having complied with the requirements of the legal framework for mining and water resources. This situation occurs not only because the communities and populations hinder mining activities for fear of suffering water restrictions and possible environmental contamination that could harm their main economic activities, their health and their lives; but also because, additionally, they confuse the role of mining companies with that of the State, demanding that the latter implement infrastructure and basic services that the State does not provide, to the point of conditioning the start and normal development of mining operations on compliance with these demands. This situation ends up generating conflict and legal uncertainty for mining investors. In this sense, it can be concluded that the regulations that establish the requirements to obtain the necessary titles to operate in the mining sector and the legal framework on water issues in general, by themselves, are not suitable to mitigate the conflicts that arise from the concerns of the communities. To this end, the active participation of the State is relevant throughout the process, which implies not only appearing in the presence of conflicts, but also providing support from the beginning in the implementation of basic services, as well as in the supervision and control of mining activities to establish a horizontal dialogue between the actors involved.
Description
Keywords
Industria minera--Perú, Utilización del agua--Legislación--Perú, Conflicto social--Perú, Administración pública--Perú
Citation
Collections
Endorsement
Review
Supplemented By
Referenced By
Creative Commons license
Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess