El aviso electrónico del Sistema Informativo de Garantías Mobiliarias y la publicidad en el registro
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El sistema informativo de garantías mobiliarias entró en vigencia el 2 de marzo
del 2025 , incorporando un controversial cambio en el sistema registral peruano
al dejar sin efecto los registros jurídicos de bienes muebles para optar por un
sistema de registro administrativo basado en avisos unilaterales otorgados por
los acreedores.
El sistema propuesto busca una reducción de costos y tiempo para dar
celeridad a las transacciones poniendo en peligro la seguridad jurídica de los
contratantes ante la ausencia de calificación registral, fundamentados en una
tendencia latinoamericana destinada a incrementar las líneas de crédito en las
pequeñas empresas, y para recibir financiamiento extranjero con la finalidad de
incrementar los niveles de productividad. Se trabajó esta investigación
principalmente con la Ley Modelo Interamericana sobre Garantías Mobiliarias,
y exposiciones de motivos de las normas peruanas en la materia.
Realizamos una descripción del sistema incorporado, detallando las
características e innovaciones a nuestro sistema registral, analizando
finalmente el mismo dentro del marco regulatorio de la Superintendencia
Nacional de los Registros Públicos
Para éste análisis, utilizaremos como base la normatividad vigente, ley y
normas regulatorias emitidas para la entrada en vigencia del mismo.
La suspensión de la calificación registral por la anotación electrónica unilateral
realizada por los acreedores en una plataforma informativa atenta contra la
seguridad jurídica de los usuarios y va en contra del sistema registral peruano
al no poder brindar publicidad registral plena. Sin embargo las coyunturas
políticas y tecnológicas desde su promulgación hasta su entrada en vigencia
definitiva son totalmente distintas.
The information system for movable property guarantees came into effect on March 2, 2025, incorporating a controversial change to the Peruvian registration system by eliminating legal registrations of movable property and replacing them with an administrative registration system based on unilateral notices issued by creditors. The proposed system seeks to reduce costs and time to expedite transactions, but this jeopardizes the legal security of contracting parties due to the lack of registration qualification. This is based on a Latin American trend aimed at increasing credit lines for small businesses and facilitating access to foreign financing to improve productivity levels. This research was primarily based on the Inter-American Model Law on Movable Property Guarantees and the explanatory memoranda of Peruvian regulations on the matter. We provide a description of the incorporated system, detailing its features and innovations, and finally analyzing it within the regulatory framework of the National Superintendency of Public Registries. For this analysis, we will use as a basis the current regulations, laws, and regulatory norms issued for its implementation. The suspension of registration qualification due to unilateral electronic entries made by creditors on an information platform undermines the legal certainty of users and contradicts the Peruvian registration system by preventing it from providing full registration publicity. However, the political and technological circumstances from its enactment to its definitive implementation are entirely different.
The information system for movable property guarantees came into effect on March 2, 2025, incorporating a controversial change to the Peruvian registration system by eliminating legal registrations of movable property and replacing them with an administrative registration system based on unilateral notices issued by creditors. The proposed system seeks to reduce costs and time to expedite transactions, but this jeopardizes the legal security of contracting parties due to the lack of registration qualification. This is based on a Latin American trend aimed at increasing credit lines for small businesses and facilitating access to foreign financing to improve productivity levels. This research was primarily based on the Inter-American Model Law on Movable Property Guarantees and the explanatory memoranda of Peruvian regulations on the matter. We provide a description of the incorporated system, detailing its features and innovations, and finally analyzing it within the regulatory framework of the National Superintendency of Public Registries. For this analysis, we will use as a basis the current regulations, laws, and regulatory norms issued for its implementation. The suspension of registration qualification due to unilateral electronic entries made by creditors on an information platform undermines the legal certainty of users and contradicts the Peruvian registration system by preventing it from providing full registration publicity. However, the political and technological circumstances from its enactment to its definitive implementation are entirely different.
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Palabras clave
Derecho registral--Legislación--Perú, Fianzas, Hipotecas prendarias, Derechos reales--Legislación--Perú, Prenda (Derecho)