La docencia de danzas folclóricas peruanas como posible práctica de apropiación cultural en Lima del siglo XXI
Date
2023-05-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente texto pretende determinar de qué manera la docencia de danzas folclóricas peruanas
podría ser considerada una práctica de apropiación cultural en Lima de la actualidad. La respuesta
tentativa ante ello es que su docencia puede llegar a ser apropiación cultural hoy en día en la
capital; debido a que se trataría de una extracción de la danza de su contexto histórico social que
la valora solo a nivel estético y comercial, perpetuando de esta manera la desigualdad social entre
el extractor y la colectividad autora de la danza. Para determinar la validez de esta hipótesis, se
toman evidencias históricas como lo son la colonización, la Independencia y la República
peruanas. Estas demuestran la manipulación permanente de nuestra diversidad cultural por parte
de los distintos grupos de poder de cada etapa, a costa de una constante discriminación étnico
racial. A su vez, se explica que este hecho originó el interés por la docencia de danzas folclóricas
en Lima y cómo esta, desde sus inicios, fue un tema polémico en cuanto a su “autenticidad”. Se
debaten también las posibilidades de tomar las danzas folclóricas como herramienta de reparación
de brechas sociales ante el racismo y etnocentrismo perpetuados desde la colonia. Por otro lado,
se presenta la influencia del capitalismo y la globalización en la perpetuación de la desigualdad
social, empobrecimiento e invisibilización de las colectividades originarias. Ello se da debido a la
facilidad de mercantilización, manipulación e instrumentalización de las manifestaciones
culturales de dichas comunidades; lo cual es causado por una falta de políticas de protección de su
patrimonio cultural. Frente a ello, se propone la práctica de principios interculturales que permitan
el intercambio igualitario de la diversidad cultural y la implementación de leyes especialmente
diseñadas para el entendimiento y protección del patrimonio.
This text aims to determine in what way the teaching of Peruvian folk dances could be considered a practice of cultural appropriation in Lima today. The tentative answer to this is that their teaching can become cultural appropriation today in the capital; because it would be an extraction of the dance from its social historical context that values it only on an aesthetic and commercial level, thus perpetuating the social inequality between the extractor and the community that created the dance. To determine the validity of this hypothesis, historical evidence such as the Peruvian colonization, Independence and Republic are taken. These demonstrate the permanent manipulation of our cultural diversity by the different power groups of each stage, at the cost of constant ethnic-racial discrimination. In turn, it is explained that this fact originated the interest in teaching folk dances in Lima and how this, from its beginnings, was a controversial issue regarding its “authenticity”. The possibilities of taking folk dances as a tool to repair social gaps in the face of racism and ethnocentrism perpetuated since the colony are also debated. On the other hand, the influence of capitalism and globalization is presented in the perpetuation of social inequality, impoverishment and invisibility of the original collectivities. This occurs due to the ease of commercialization, manipulation and instrumentalization of the cultural manifestations of these communities; which is caused by a lack of protection policies for their cultural heritage. Faced with this, the practice of intercultural principles that allow the equal exchange of cultural diversity and the implementation of laws specially designed for the understanding and protection of heritage is proposed.
This text aims to determine in what way the teaching of Peruvian folk dances could be considered a practice of cultural appropriation in Lima today. The tentative answer to this is that their teaching can become cultural appropriation today in the capital; because it would be an extraction of the dance from its social historical context that values it only on an aesthetic and commercial level, thus perpetuating the social inequality between the extractor and the community that created the dance. To determine the validity of this hypothesis, historical evidence such as the Peruvian colonization, Independence and Republic are taken. These demonstrate the permanent manipulation of our cultural diversity by the different power groups of each stage, at the cost of constant ethnic-racial discrimination. In turn, it is explained that this fact originated the interest in teaching folk dances in Lima and how this, from its beginnings, was a controversial issue regarding its “authenticity”. The possibilities of taking folk dances as a tool to repair social gaps in the face of racism and ethnocentrism perpetuated since the colony are also debated. On the other hand, the influence of capitalism and globalization is presented in the perpetuation of social inequality, impoverishment and invisibility of the original collectivities. This occurs due to the ease of commercialization, manipulation and instrumentalization of the cultural manifestations of these communities; which is caused by a lack of protection policies for their cultural heritage. Faced with this, the practice of intercultural principles that allow the equal exchange of cultural diversity and the implementation of laws specially designed for the understanding and protection of heritage is proposed.
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Keywords
Danzas folklóricas--Perú--Estudio y enseñanza, Patrimonio cultural--Protección, Desigualdad social--Aspectos culturales--Perú
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