Seguridad del apego en niños con TEA, sensibilidad de los cuidadores y desarrollo social
Date
2019-01-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo explorar la asociación de la seguridad del
apego de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) residentes en Quito, con su
desarrollo social y con la sensibilidad de sus cuidadores. Se plantean tres estudios. En
el primero se busca evidencia de validez de contenido en el medio ecuatoriano para el
Attachment Q-set (AQS), en el segundo, para el Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Qset
(MBPQS). Los participantes en ambos estudios son tres jueces para evaluar la
adaptación lingüística de los instrumentos, 10 figuras cuidadoras para construir perfiles
ideales de preescolares y cuidadores típicos, y 10 profesionales para construir perfiles
idealmente seguros de niños con TEA e idealmente sensibles de figuras cuidadoras de
niños con TEA. Los puntajes promedio de estos perfiles son contrastados con los
criterios normativos de los instrumentos, con lo cual se verifica que el AQS y el MBPQS
son aplicables a población típica y con TEA del Ecuador. En el tercer estudio se explora
el valor predictor de la sensibilidad de los cuidadores sobre la seguridad del apego de
un grupo de preescolares con TEA, así como el valor predictor de la seguridad de los
niños participantes sobre su desarrollo de habilidades sociales. Participan 25 díadas de
figuras cuidadoras y niños con TEA entre ligero y moderado, cuyos resultados son
comparados con los de un grupo de población típica, provenientes de un estudio previo.
Para la evaluación se utilizan el AQS y el MBPQS adaptados a población típica y con
TEA del Ecuador, el Área de Interacción social recíproca de la Entrevista para el
Diagnóstico de Autismo (ADI-R) y un Registro de observación de desarrollo social. Se
halla que la sensibilidad de los cuidadores predice la seguridad del apego de los niños
con TEA, y que la seguridad del apego predice su desarrollo de habilidades sociales.
Se discuten las particularidades de los hallazgos en función del contexto ecuatoriano.
The aim of this research is to explore the association of the attachment security in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) living in Quito, with their social development and with the sensitivity of their caregivers. For this purpose, three studies are carried out. The first one of them looks for content validity evidence of the Attachment Q-set (AQS) and the second, of the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-set (MBPQS) for Ecuador. Three judges evaluate the linguistic adaptation of the instruments, 10 caregivers build ideal profiles for typical preschoolers and caregivers, and 10 professionals build the ideally secure profiles for children with ASD and ideally sensitive profiles for children with ASD caregivers. The average scores of these profiles are contrasted to the instruments criteria scores, which proves that the AQS and the MBPQS are applicable to both typical and ASD population in Ecuador. The third study explores the predictive value of caregivers’ sensitivity in attachment security in a group of preschool children with ASD, as well as the predictive value of the security of participating children in their social skills development. Twenty-five dyads of caregivers and children from mild-to-moderate level of ASD participate, whose results are compared with those of a typical population group, belonging to a previous study. The AQS, and the MBPQS, adapted to a typical population and with ASD population in Ecuador, the Reciprocal social interaction area of the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADIR), and a Social development observation register are used measures. It is found that the caregivers’ sensitivity predicts the attachment security of children with ASD, and that the security predicts their social skills development. The particularities of the findings related to the Ecuadorian context are discussed.
The aim of this research is to explore the association of the attachment security in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) living in Quito, with their social development and with the sensitivity of their caregivers. For this purpose, three studies are carried out. The first one of them looks for content validity evidence of the Attachment Q-set (AQS) and the second, of the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-set (MBPQS) for Ecuador. Three judges evaluate the linguistic adaptation of the instruments, 10 caregivers build ideal profiles for typical preschoolers and caregivers, and 10 professionals build the ideally secure profiles for children with ASD and ideally sensitive profiles for children with ASD caregivers. The average scores of these profiles are contrasted to the instruments criteria scores, which proves that the AQS and the MBPQS are applicable to both typical and ASD population in Ecuador. The third study explores the predictive value of caregivers’ sensitivity in attachment security in a group of preschool children with ASD, as well as the predictive value of the security of participating children in their social skills development. Twenty-five dyads of caregivers and children from mild-to-moderate level of ASD participate, whose results are compared with those of a typical population group, belonging to a previous study. The AQS, and the MBPQS, adapted to a typical population and with ASD population in Ecuador, the Reciprocal social interaction area of the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADIR), and a Social development observation register are used measures. It is found that the caregivers’ sensitivity predicts the attachment security of children with ASD, and that the security predicts their social skills development. The particularities of the findings related to the Ecuadorian context are discussed.
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Keywords
Autismo infantil, Apego, Cuidadores, Sensibilidad
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