Un modelo de bienestar subjetivo para Lima Metropolitana
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2017-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El bienestar subjetivo constituye uno de los temas centrales en la agenda de las ciencias
sociales y en la política internacional. Es también un tema central en la psicología contemporánea,
en donde se ha acumulado evidencia acerca de sus componentes. El reto es integrar ese
conocimiento en un modelo. Se parte del modelo multidimensional de bienestar subjetivo y se
adapta para una muestra representativa de Lima Metropolitana. Dado que los estudios previos se
basaron en muestras no representativas de zonas rurales y peri urbanas peruanas, el presente estudio
constituye un avance en la línea de investigación. Se propone un modelo en donde los valores
influyen en las metas y en la percepción de logro de las metas; y que los recursos son mediadores
entre las metas y su percepción de logro. Se encuentra evidencia confirmatoria del modelo. Se
utilizó la técnica del análisis de caminos en una muestra representativa (N = 500, 95 IC +- 5%) en
Lima Metropolitana. Los resultados sugieren la enorme importancia de las relaciones sociales.
Proveen evidencia del potencial de satisfacción anticipatoria de las metas y los valores. Encuentra
un modelo híbrido de bienestar, con un camino basado en el estatus material, posiblemente
vinculado negativamente con el bienestar, y un camino basado en las relaciones interpersonales de
calidad, posiblemente vinculado de forma positiva con el bienestar. Un buen lugar para vivir,
fundamentalmente un buen vecindario, junto con la aceptación social y ser amado es importante
para Sentirse bien. Se discuten las implicancias para programas de prevención y desarrollo social.
Subjective Well-Being is a core topic in the agenda of social and behavioural sciences, and international policy. There is accumulated evidence about which are the main components of subjective Well-Being; the challenge is to integrate this knowledge in a model. The present study uses the Multidimensional Subjective Well-Being framework, which has been tested in a rural – urban corridor, but has not been tested in urban environments. Testing this model in a representative sample of a Latin American multicultural city could lead to a better understanding of Subjective Well-Being in Latin America, the happiest region of the world according some world happiness surveys. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to present a subjective well-being model for Lima, Peru, where values exert an influence on goals and exert an influence on goal achievement perception; and resources are mediators between goals and goal achievement perception. A probabilistic polietapic sampling selected 500 participants for a representativity of 95% ± 4.37% error. Path Analysis provides confirmatory evidence of the model. Main paths underline the importance of social relations in well-being. Evidence also supports the anticipatory satisfaction in goal setting. In addition, an effect of values (convergence) in satisfaction is found. A hybrid subjective well-being model is suggested. One path is based in material status, negatively related to life satisfaction. The second path is rooted in the quality of interpersonal relations, and is positively related to subjective well-being. A Good Place to Live, basically a good neighbourhood; social acceptance and; love relations are core components of Feeling Good perception. Implications for prevention programs and social development are discussed.
Subjective Well-Being is a core topic in the agenda of social and behavioural sciences, and international policy. There is accumulated evidence about which are the main components of subjective Well-Being; the challenge is to integrate this knowledge in a model. The present study uses the Multidimensional Subjective Well-Being framework, which has been tested in a rural – urban corridor, but has not been tested in urban environments. Testing this model in a representative sample of a Latin American multicultural city could lead to a better understanding of Subjective Well-Being in Latin America, the happiest region of the world according some world happiness surveys. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to present a subjective well-being model for Lima, Peru, where values exert an influence on goals and exert an influence on goal achievement perception; and resources are mediators between goals and goal achievement perception. A probabilistic polietapic sampling selected 500 participants for a representativity of 95% ± 4.37% error. Path Analysis provides confirmatory evidence of the model. Main paths underline the importance of social relations in well-being. Evidence also supports the anticipatory satisfaction in goal setting. In addition, an effect of values (convergence) in satisfaction is found. A hybrid subjective well-being model is suggested. One path is based in material status, negatively related to life satisfaction. The second path is rooted in the quality of interpersonal relations, and is positively related to subjective well-being. A Good Place to Live, basically a good neighbourhood; social acceptance and; love relations are core components of Feeling Good perception. Implications for prevention programs and social development are discussed.
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Bienestar, Satifacción con la vida, Psicología social -- Investigaciones -- Perú -- Lima
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