Implementación de los contratos estandarizados como una opción solución a las diferencias de la contratación pública del Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El problema central del caso es la alta y recurrente tasa de paralización de obras públicas en el
Perú, causada por deficiencias sistémicas en la gestión contractual. Los principales causales
identificados son el incumplimiento de contrato, controversias y expedientes técnicos
defectuosos, agravados por una distribución de riesgos que carga desproporcionadamente al
contratista, generando un entorno adversarial y judicializado.
Como solución, el análisis se centra en la Ley General de Contrataciones Públicas N° 32069 y su
reglamento, instrumentos normativos que institucionalizan el uso de contratos estandarizados de
obra (modelos internacionales como FIDIC o NEC). Estos instrumentos, respaldados por
resoluciones directorales de la Dirección General de Abastecimiento (DGA) que aprueban su uso
y guías de implementación, promueven un cambio de paradigma: otorgan primacía al contrato
estandarizado, exigen una Estrategia de Contratación fundamentada y un Gerente de Proyecto
certificado, y fomentan la gestión colaborativa.
La principal conclusión es que esta nueva normativa representa una oportunidad estructural para
superar las deficiencias históricas, al reemplazar el modelo reactivo y de confrontación por uno
proactivo basado en la gestión equitativa y profesional de riesgos. El éxito dependerá de la
correcta implementación de este marco, que busca desactivar el ciclo de incumplimientos y
paralizaciones mediante previsibilidad, transparencia y mecanismos ágiles de resolución de
disputas.
The core problem of the case is the high and recurrent rate of paralysis in public works in Peru, caused by systemic deficiencies in contract management. The main identified causes are breach of contract, disputes, and defective technical specifications, aggravated by a risk distribution that disproportionately burdens the contractor, creating an adversarial and litigious environment. As a solution, the analysis focuses on the General Law of Public Procurement No. 32069 and its regulations, legal instruments that institutionalize the use of standardized construction contracts (international models like FIDIC or NEC). These instruments, supported by directorial resolutions from the General Directorate of Supplies (DGA) approving their use and implementation guides, promote a paradigm shift: they grant primacy to the standardized contract, require a well-founded Procurement Strategy and a certified Project Manager, and foster collaborative management. The main conclusion is that this new legislation represents a structural opportunity to overcome historical deficiencies by replacing the reactive, confrontational model with a proactive one based on equitable and professional risk management. Success will depend on the correct implementation of this framework, which aims to deactivate the cycle of breaches and work stoppages through predictability, transparency, and agile dispute resolution mechanisms.
The core problem of the case is the high and recurrent rate of paralysis in public works in Peru, caused by systemic deficiencies in contract management. The main identified causes are breach of contract, disputes, and defective technical specifications, aggravated by a risk distribution that disproportionately burdens the contractor, creating an adversarial and litigious environment. As a solution, the analysis focuses on the General Law of Public Procurement No. 32069 and its regulations, legal instruments that institutionalize the use of standardized construction contracts (international models like FIDIC or NEC). These instruments, supported by directorial resolutions from the General Directorate of Supplies (DGA) approving their use and implementation guides, promote a paradigm shift: they grant primacy to the standardized contract, require a well-founded Procurement Strategy and a certified Project Manager, and foster collaborative management. The main conclusion is that this new legislation represents a structural opportunity to overcome historical deficiencies by replacing the reactive, confrontational model with a proactive one based on equitable and professional risk management. Success will depend on the correct implementation of this framework, which aims to deactivate the cycle of breaches and work stoppages through predictability, transparency, and agile dispute resolution mechanisms.
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Contratos públicos--Perú, Derecho administrativo--Legislación--Perú, Contratos administrativos--Legislación--Perú, Funcionarios públicos--Perú
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