Estudio de caso de un niño de 6 años con dificultades en los componentes léxico semántico, morfosintáctico y fonético fonológico del lenguaje
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Date
2022-06-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Lenguaje, capacidad propia del ser humano para desenvolverse en el ámbito social y del aprendizaje, a través
del cual comunica sus pensamientos, necesidades y experiencias. Sin embargo, en la actualidad y en el modo
remoto, los niños desde temprana edad, pre escolar y escolar presentan dificultades en la adquisición y
desarrollo del lenguaje, lo cual les impide comunicarse de manera efectiva y, por consiguiente, obtener
resultados favorables en la capacidad de aprendizaje. El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es diseñar un
plan de valoración e intervención que ayude a desarrollar y fortalecer las habilidades lingüísticas en un niño de
6 años con problemas del lenguaje. Las dificultades del menor afectan fundamentalmente el aspecto expresivo
del lenguaje, evidenciando un perfil lingüístico no esperado para su edad. Se sigue el modelo de intervención
híbrida, donde se utilizan estímulos lingüísticos para apoyar al niño y modelar los componentes que se desea
resaltar. Los resultados evidenciaron un incremento del vocabulario comprensivo y expresivo de las categorías
semánticas programadas. Al trabajar el sub contenido de caracterizaciones se logró mejorar las asociaciones
entre los elementos, organizar información que ayude a desarrollar analogías y sus definiciones, así como
afianzar su vocabulario. Asimismo, el menor logró emplear oraciones complejas de tipo subordinada, logrando,
además, la disminución de los procesos de simplificación fonológica que afectaban a la estructura de la sílaba
y la palabra. Se concluye que el plan de intervención benefició el avance lingüístico del menor y favoreció su
interacción con el medio familiar, escolar y social.
Language, ability of the human being to function in the social and learning environment, through which he communicates his thoughts, needs and experiences. However, at present and in the remote mode, children from an early age, preschool and school present difficulties in the acquisition and development of language, which prevents them from communicating effectively and, therefore, obtaining favorable results in education. learning capacity. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan that helps develop and strengthen language skills in a 6-year-old child with language problems. The minor's difficulties fundamentally affect the expressive aspect of language, evidencing an unexpected linguistic profile for his age. The hybrid intervention model is followed, where linguistic stimuli are used to support the child and model the components to be highlighted. The results showed an increase in the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary of the programmed semantic categories. By working on the sub-content of characterizations, it was possible to improve the associations between the elements, organize information that helps to develop analogies and their definitions, as well as strengthen their vocabulary. Likewise, the minor was able to use complex sentences of the subordinate type, achieving, in addition, the reduction of the phonological simplification processes that affected the structure of the syllable and the word. It is concluded that the intervention plan benefited the minor's linguistic progress and favored his interaction with the family, school and social environment.
Language, ability of the human being to function in the social and learning environment, through which he communicates his thoughts, needs and experiences. However, at present and in the remote mode, children from an early age, preschool and school present difficulties in the acquisition and development of language, which prevents them from communicating effectively and, therefore, obtaining favorable results in education. learning capacity. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan that helps develop and strengthen language skills in a 6-year-old child with language problems. The minor's difficulties fundamentally affect the expressive aspect of language, evidencing an unexpected linguistic profile for his age. The hybrid intervention model is followed, where linguistic stimuli are used to support the child and model the components to be highlighted. The results showed an increase in the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary of the programmed semantic categories. By working on the sub-content of characterizations, it was possible to improve the associations between the elements, organize information that helps to develop analogies and their definitions, as well as strengthen their vocabulary. Likewise, the minor was able to use complex sentences of the subordinate type, achieving, in addition, the reduction of the phonological simplification processes that affected the structure of the syllable and the word. It is concluded that the intervention plan benefited the minor's linguistic progress and favored his interaction with the family, school and social environment.
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Keywords
Niños--Lenguaje, Trastornos del aprendizaje en niños (Educación)